Estrategias de manejo para la restauración ecológica del hábitat de eucryphia glutinosa (poepp. et endl).
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los ecosistemas naturales que se encuentran cercanos a zonas antrópicas son altamente vulnerables a la degradación y disminución de la biodiversidad por lo que es necesaria una restauración asistida. Por tal motivo, la restauración ecológica es una alternativa viable para recuperar ecosistemas degradados, sus servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad. Dentro del marco de una restauración ecológica existen diversas estrategias que son aplicables para encaminar un ecosistema a la trayectoria de recuperación. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar el grado de éxito de las estrategias de restauración ecológica del hábitat de Eucryphia glutinosa realizadas durante el 2021 en tres sitios del sur de Chile. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos ANOVA, Índice de Shannon, análisis de Escalamiento Multidimensional No Métrico (NMDS) y Regresión Lineal Múltiple para evaluar la eficacia de las estrategias de restauración aplicadas en los tres sitios de estudio. Se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en variables biofísicas como humedad relativa y temperatura con respecto al ecosistema de referencia. En términos de variables composicionales, se evidenció alta diversidad de especies. El NMDS reveló patrones distintivos de agrupamiento, indicando una trayectoria de los sitios hacia la restauración del ecosistema. La evaluación de variables estructurales mediante NMDS sugirió que la línea base de predios se agrupaba cercana al ecosistema de referencia, destacando la heterogeneidad post-plantación en DAP y altura. En análisis generales, NMDS para todos los indicadores reveló agrupamientos distintivos, resaltando la proximidad de Rayenco y Los Esteros al ecosistema de referencia. La regresión lineal múltiple no encontró significancia estadística en los indicadores que explican la sobrevivencia de E. glutinosa. Se concluye que las estrategias de restauración utilizadas han permitido recuperar ciertos atributos ecosistémicos clave, lo cual podría servir de modelo para futuras de acciones de restauración de hábitat de especies amenazadas.
Natural ecosystems that are close to anthropogenic areas are highly vulnerable to degradation and biodiversity decline, which is why assisted restoration is necessary. For this reason, ecological restoration is a viable alternative to recover degraded ecosystems, their ecosystem services and biodiversity. Within the framework of ecological restoration, there are several strategies that can be applied to put an ecosystem on the path to recovery. The main objective of this study was to analyze the degree of success of ecological restoration strategies for Eucryphia glutinosa habitat carried out during 2021 in three sites in southern Chile. Statistical analyses ANOVA, Shannon Index, Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis and Multiple Linear Regression were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the restoration strategies applied in the three study sites. Statistically significant differences were detected in biophysical variables such as relative humidity and temperature with respect to the reference ecosystem. In terms of compositional variables, high species diversity was evident. NMDS revealed distinctive clustering patterns, indicating a trajectory of sites towards ecosystem restoration. The evaluation of structural variables by NMDS suggested that the baseline of sites clustered close to the reference ecosystem, highlighting post-planting heterogeneity in DBH and height. In general analyses, NMDS for all indicators revealed distinctive groupings, highlighting the proximity of Rayenco and Los Esteros to the reference ecosystem. Multiple linear regression did not find statistical significance in the indicators that explain the survival of E. glutinosa. It is concluded that the restoration strategies used have allowed the recovery of certain key ecosystem attributes, which could serve as a model for future habitat restoration actions for threatened species.
Natural ecosystems that are close to anthropogenic areas are highly vulnerable to degradation and biodiversity decline, which is why assisted restoration is necessary. For this reason, ecological restoration is a viable alternative to recover degraded ecosystems, their ecosystem services and biodiversity. Within the framework of ecological restoration, there are several strategies that can be applied to put an ecosystem on the path to recovery. The main objective of this study was to analyze the degree of success of ecological restoration strategies for Eucryphia glutinosa habitat carried out during 2021 in three sites in southern Chile. Statistical analyses ANOVA, Shannon Index, Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis and Multiple Linear Regression were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the restoration strategies applied in the three study sites. Statistically significant differences were detected in biophysical variables such as relative humidity and temperature with respect to the reference ecosystem. In terms of compositional variables, high species diversity was evident. NMDS revealed distinctive clustering patterns, indicating a trajectory of sites towards ecosystem restoration. The evaluation of structural variables by NMDS suggested that the baseline of sites clustered close to the reference ecosystem, highlighting post-planting heterogeneity in DBH and height. In general analyses, NMDS for all indicators revealed distinctive groupings, highlighting the proximity of Rayenco and Los Esteros to the reference ecosystem. Multiple linear regression did not find statistical significance in the indicators that explain the survival of E. glutinosa. It is concluded that the restoration strategies used have allowed the recovery of certain key ecosystem attributes, which could serve as a model for future habitat restoration actions for threatened species.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniera en Conservación de Recursos Naturales.
Keywords
Guindo santo, Habitat (Ecología), Restauración ecológica