Afrontamiento ante la muerte y asociación con calidad de vida profesional en cuidados paliativos.
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Date
2026
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Introducción: Los profesionales de la salud constituyen un pilar fundamental durante el proceso de fin de vida y duelo. Afrontar la muerte puede ser una experiencia emocional intensa para ellos, pudiendo afectar su calidad de vida profesional. Objetivos: Evaluar el afrontamiento ante la muerte y su asociación con la calidad de vida profesional, estimando las diferencias según los factores biosociodemográficos y laborales de los profesionales de salud del Programa de Cuidados Paliativos Universales de atención primaria adscrito a la red de Cuidados Paliativos Universales de un Servicio de Salud de la Región del Biobío. Metodología: Cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, en 96 profesionales de salud. Se utilizó un instrumento constituido por preguntas biosociodemográficas y laborales, y escalas de afrontamiento ante la muerte y calidad de vida profesional. Resultados: El mayor afrontamiento ante la muerte se asoció con menor fatiga de compasión (r= -0,239; p= 0,019), menor riesgo de síndrome de burnout (r= -0,206; p= 0,044) y mayor satisfacción de compasión (r= 0,295; p= 0,003). La mayoría presentó niveles medios (50%) y altos (48%) de afrontamiento ante la muerte, altos niveles de satisfacción de compasión (52%) y niveles moderados de fatiga de compasión (50%) y riesgo de síndrome de burnout (57%). El análisis multivariado asoció la fatiga de compasión y la satisfacción de compasión con el afrontamiento ante la muerte. Conclusiones: El afrontamiento ante la muerte se asoció significativamente con la calidad de vida profesional. Los hallazgos aportan evidencia que respalda el fortalecimiento de la formación de profesionales en afrontamiento ante la muerte y el desarrollo de estrategias institucionales orientadas al bienestar de los equipos de salud.
Introduction: Health professionals play a fundamental role throughout the end-of-life and bereavement process. Coping with death can be an emotionally intense experience for them, potentially affecting their professional quality of life. Objectives: To assess coping with death and its association with professional quality of life, estimating differences according to the biosociodemographic and occupational factors of health professionals from the Primary Care Universal Palliative Care Program affiliated with the Universal Palliative Care Network of a Health Service in the Biobío Region. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 health professionals. An instrument comprising biosociodemographic and occupational questions, as well as scales assessing coping with death and professional quality of life, was used. Results: Greater coping with death was associated with lower compassion fatigue (r = -0.239; p = 0.019), lower risk of burnout syndrome (r = -0.206; p = 0.044), and greater compassion satisfaction (r = 0.295; p = 0.003). Most participants presented moderate (50%) and high (48%) levels of coping with death, high levels of compassion satisfaction (52%), and moderate levels of compassion fatigue (50%) and risk of burnout syndrome (57%). Multivariate analysis showed that compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction were associated with coping with death. Conclusions: Coping with death was significantly associated with professional quality of life. These findings provide evidence supporting the strengthening of professionals‘ training in coping with death and the development of institutional strategies aimed at promoting the well-being of healthcare teams.
Introduction: Health professionals play a fundamental role throughout the end-of-life and bereavement process. Coping with death can be an emotionally intense experience for them, potentially affecting their professional quality of life. Objectives: To assess coping with death and its association with professional quality of life, estimating differences according to the biosociodemographic and occupational factors of health professionals from the Primary Care Universal Palliative Care Program affiliated with the Universal Palliative Care Network of a Health Service in the Biobío Region. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 health professionals. An instrument comprising biosociodemographic and occupational questions, as well as scales assessing coping with death and professional quality of life, was used. Results: Greater coping with death was associated with lower compassion fatigue (r = -0.239; p = 0.019), lower risk of burnout syndrome (r = -0.206; p = 0.044), and greater compassion satisfaction (r = 0.295; p = 0.003). Most participants presented moderate (50%) and high (48%) levels of coping with death, high levels of compassion satisfaction (52%), and moderate levels of compassion fatigue (50%) and risk of burnout syndrome (57%). Multivariate analysis showed that compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction were associated with coping with death. Conclusions: Coping with death was significantly associated with professional quality of life. These findings provide evidence supporting the strengthening of professionals‘ training in coping with death and the development of institutional strategies aimed at promoting the well-being of healthcare teams.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Enfermería.
Keywords
Muerte, Emociones Aspectos psicológicos, Atención primaria de salud Técnica, Cuidados paliativos, Calidad de vida