Análisis de los sistemas de gobernanza e institucionalidad que regulan la prevención y manejo de especies vegetales invasoras.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) son una de las principales causas de pérdida de biodiversidad a nivel global. El problema ecológico, económico y social que plantean las especies invasoras o introducidas ha provocado en todo el mundo la necesidad de contar con estrategias más firmes, así como marcos legales y planes de manejo que interactúen para poder combatir esta amenaza compartida de manera más eficiente.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los marcos regulatorios sobre especies exóticas invasoras de Chile y otros países para proponer mejoras a nivel nacional. Se realizó un análisis de los sistemas de gobernanza que diversos países y regiones tienen para cumplir las obligaciones internacionales relacionadas a la prevención y manejo de especies vegetales invasoras que pueden afectar los ecosistemas, identificando quién, cómo y en base a qué instrumentos o herramientas se toman las decisiones. La investigación se centra primero en identificar los principales marcos regulatorios sobre EEI que países y regiones han implementado para su gestión, clasificando cada país de acuerdo con sus acuerdos internacionales ratificados; su normativa nacional, identificando en qué jerarquía interna se encuentran estas regulaciones; el mecanismo utilizado para la gestión de EEI y de acuerdo con su institucionalidad. Con esta base de datos generada, cada país fue evaluado y obtuvo su propio Índice de Marco Regulatorio (IUMR).
Para analizar el contexto nacional general de cada país se establecieron indicadores sociales, económicos y ecológicos de cada uno de ellos, los cuales fueron analizados estadísticamente a través del software R.
Los resultados indicaron los principales mecanismos utilizados por países con marcos regulatorios muy completos, y las principales variables que pueden influir en esta calificación, y en su éxito o fracaso como instrumento normativo.
Invasive alien species (IAS) are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss globally. The ecological, economic and social problem posed by invasive or introduced species has led to a worldwide need for stronger strategies, legal frameworks and management plans that interact to combat this shared threat more efficiently. The objective of this work is to analyze the regulatory frameworks on invasive alien species in Chile and other countries in order to propose improvements at the national level. An analysis was made of the governance systems that various countries and regions have to comply with international obligations related to the prevention and management of invasive plant species that can affect ecosystems, identifying who, how and on the basis of what instruments or tools decisions are made. The research focuses first on identifying the main regulatory frameworks on IAS that countries and regions have implemented for their management, classifying each country according to their ratified international agreements; their national regulations, identifying in which internal hierarchy these regulations are found; the mechanism used for IAS management and according to their institutional framework. With this database generated, each country was evaluated and obtained its own Regulatory Framework Index (IUMR). In order to analyze the general national context of each country, social, economic and ecological indicators were established for each country and statistically analyzed using R software. The results indicated the main mechanisms used by countries with very complete regulatory frameworks, and the main variables that can influence this rating, and their success or failure as a regulatory instrument.
Invasive alien species (IAS) are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss globally. The ecological, economic and social problem posed by invasive or introduced species has led to a worldwide need for stronger strategies, legal frameworks and management plans that interact to combat this shared threat more efficiently. The objective of this work is to analyze the regulatory frameworks on invasive alien species in Chile and other countries in order to propose improvements at the national level. An analysis was made of the governance systems that various countries and regions have to comply with international obligations related to the prevention and management of invasive plant species that can affect ecosystems, identifying who, how and on the basis of what instruments or tools decisions are made. The research focuses first on identifying the main regulatory frameworks on IAS that countries and regions have implemented for their management, classifying each country according to their ratified international agreements; their national regulations, identifying in which internal hierarchy these regulations are found; the mechanism used for IAS management and according to their institutional framework. With this database generated, each country was evaluated and obtained its own Regulatory Framework Index (IUMR). In order to analyze the general national context of each country, social, economic and ecological indicators were established for each country and statistically analyzed using R software. The results indicated the main mechanisms used by countries with very complete regulatory frameworks, and the main variables that can influence this rating, and their success or failure as a regulatory instrument.
Description
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Forestales
Keywords
Bioseguridad, Especies invasivas, Legislación, Plantas