Dieta baja en Fodmap para el manejo nutricional del síndrome de intestino irritable.
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Date
2022
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de intestino irritable (SII) es un trastorno gastrointestinal funcional común que se caracteriza por dolor abdominal relacionado con la defecación o alteración del hábito intestinal. Su diagnóstico se basa en una evaluación de los síntomas descritos por los criterios de Roma IV. La dieta baja en oligosacáridos, disacáridos, monosacáridos y polioles fermentables (FODMAP) agrupa una familia diversa de carbohidratos de cadena corta mal absorbidos y osmóticamente activos señalados como culpables de producir gases en personas susceptibles. OBJETIVO: Analizar la literatura sobre la dieta baja en FODMAP para el tratamiento nutricional del SII. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y Cochrane Library y se incluyó un total de 30 artículos. RESULTADOS: Diversos estudios han de mostrado la eficacia de la dieta baja en FODMAP como tratamiento del SII, sobre todo para el dolor y la distensión abdominal. Su implementación está constituida por tres etapas, que incluyen la restricción total de FODMAP, luego la reintroducción y finalmente la personalización de la dieta. Además entre los beneficios observados se incluyen mejoras en la calidad de vida, reducción de la ansiedad y depresión, sin embargo también existen ciertos efectos adversos relacionados a su naturaleza restrictiva que generan dudas con respecto a la adecuación nutricional o a efectos sobre el microbioma intestinal. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe evidencia convincente respecto a la eficacia clínica de la dieta baja en FODMAP como tratamiento en el SII, en donde el asesoramiento dietético dirigido por un dietista es fundamental para asegurar la adecuación nutricional y el éxito de la dieta.
INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain related to defecation or altered bowel habit. Its diagnosis is based on an evaluation of the symptoms described by the Rome IV criteria. The diet low in fermetable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) groups a diverse family of poorly absorbed and osmotically active short-chain carbohydrates identified as gas-producing culprits in susceptible individuals. OBJEC TIVE: To analyze the literature on the low FODMAP diet for the nutritional treatment of IBS. METHODOLOGY: A literature search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus and Co chrane Library databases and a total of 30 articles were included. RESULTS: Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the low FODMAP diet as a treatment for IBS, especially for abdominal pain and bloating. Its implementation is constituted by three sta ges, including total FODMAP restriction, then reintroduction, and finally diet customiza tion. In addition, the benefits observed include improvements in quality of life, reduction of anxiety and depression, however, there are also certain adverse effects related to its restrictive nature that raise doubts regarding nutritional adequacy or effects on the intes tinal microbiome. CONCLUSION: There is convincing evidence regarding the clinical ef ficacy of the low FODMAP diet as a treatment for IBS, where dietitian-led dietary coun seling is critical to ensure nutritional adequacy and dietary success.
INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain related to defecation or altered bowel habit. Its diagnosis is based on an evaluation of the symptoms described by the Rome IV criteria. The diet low in fermetable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) groups a diverse family of poorly absorbed and osmotically active short-chain carbohydrates identified as gas-producing culprits in susceptible individuals. OBJEC TIVE: To analyze the literature on the low FODMAP diet for the nutritional treatment of IBS. METHODOLOGY: A literature search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus and Co chrane Library databases and a total of 30 articles were included. RESULTS: Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the low FODMAP diet as a treatment for IBS, especially for abdominal pain and bloating. Its implementation is constituted by three sta ges, including total FODMAP restriction, then reintroduction, and finally diet customiza tion. In addition, the benefits observed include improvements in quality of life, reduction of anxiety and depression, however, there are also certain adverse effects related to its restrictive nature that raise doubts regarding nutritional adequacy or effects on the intes tinal microbiome. CONCLUSION: There is convincing evidence regarding the clinical ef ficacy of the low FODMAP diet as a treatment for IBS, where dietitian-led dietary coun seling is critical to ensure nutritional adequacy and dietary success.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Nutricionista.
Keywords
Síndrome del Colon Irritable, Dieta FODMAP