Indicadores biológicos del suelo en usos productivos
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los indicadores biológicos, por lo general, interactúan con los parámetros edáficos, por eso están directamente ligados a las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. Influyen positivamente en las funciones del suelo, como la producción de biomasa, almacenamiento y fijación de carbono, retención de humedad, biodiversidad, ciclos biogeoquímicos, además de proveer fuentes de materias primas y sostener actividades productivas. La presente revisión bibliográfica se enfoca en tres macro grupos de indicadores biológicos del suelo: actividad enzimática, biomasa microbiana y especies bioturbadoras, así como su relación con procesos edáficos. Investigaciones en diferentes condiciones agronómicas indican que la actividad enzimática se constituye como un bioindicador de impactos de uso y manejo del suelo, dada su respuesta a la variación de parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos y su relación con patrones cuali-cuantitativos de la materia orgánica del suelo. La biomasa microbiana es un bioindicador de procesos bioquímicos del suelo, con directa relación a la biodisponibilidad de carbono y macronutrientes en condiciones contrastantes de uso y manejo. Las características morfológicas de bioturbadores influyen en la variación del contenido y distribución de la materia orgánica para los procesos biológicos del suelo, conformándose como bioindicadores amplios de impacto en diferentes ambientes productivos y naturales.
Soil biological indicators generally interact with edaphic parameters, therefore they are directly related to physical, chemical and biological soil properties. They positively influence soil functions, such as biomass production, carbon storage and fixation, moisture retention, biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles, then sources of raw materials and sustaining productive activities. The present review focuses on 3 macro groups of soil biological indicators: enzymatic activity, microbial biomass and bioturbating species, as well as their relationship with edaphic processes. Research in different agronomic conditions indicates that enzymatic activity is constituted as a bioindicator of impacts of soil use and management, given its response to the variation of physical, chemical and biological parameters and its relationship with quantity and quality patterns of the soil organic matter. Microbial biomass is a bioindicator of soil biochemical processes, with direct relation to the bioavailability of carbon and macronutrients under contrasting conditions of use and management. The morphological characteristics of bioturbators influence the variation on the content and distribution of organic matter for soil biological processes, becoming broad bioindicators of impact at different productive and natural environments.
Soil biological indicators generally interact with edaphic parameters, therefore they are directly related to physical, chemical and biological soil properties. They positively influence soil functions, such as biomass production, carbon storage and fixation, moisture retention, biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles, then sources of raw materials and sustaining productive activities. The present review focuses on 3 macro groups of soil biological indicators: enzymatic activity, microbial biomass and bioturbating species, as well as their relationship with edaphic processes. Research in different agronomic conditions indicates that enzymatic activity is constituted as a bioindicator of impacts of soil use and management, given its response to the variation of physical, chemical and biological parameters and its relationship with quantity and quality patterns of the soil organic matter. Microbial biomass is a bioindicator of soil biochemical processes, with direct relation to the bioavailability of carbon and macronutrients under contrasting conditions of use and management. The morphological characteristics of bioturbators influence the variation on the content and distribution of organic matter for soil biological processes, becoming broad bioindicators of impact at different productive and natural environments.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Suelos - Chile, Materia orgánica, Biomasa - Chile - Investigaciones