Innovación léxica y oralidad: un estudio de las funciones comunicativas de la neología oral del español de Chile.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Estudios recientes sobre las funciones comunicativas en la neología han permitido argumentar que estas estarían influenciándose entre sí, apelando, a su vez, a la existencia de neologismos con rasgos prototípicos de una de estas funciones o de ambas. Sin embargo, los estudios en esta materia se han focalizado mayormente en la neología textual, dejando sin explorar las funciones que exhibe la neología oral. Por consiguiente, esta investigación aborda un corpus neológico extraído de seis podcasts chilenos para realizar un análisis de tipo mixto: primero, se contrastaron las características de la neología oral espontánea del presente corpus con los hallazgos de Domènech y Estopà (2009); segundo, se adaptó el modelo propuesto por Llopart Saumell (2016) para el estudio de las funciones comunicativas en contextos orales de enunciación; y tercero, se realizó un perfilamiento de las características observadas más relevantes del corpus oral. Se concluye que la neología oral innova por medio de sustantivos, cuyos tipos de innovación más productivos son el préstamo, la sintagmación y los cambios semánticos. El corpus respondió mayormente a necesidades comunicativas denominativas (65,3%), aunque periféricas, mientras que una proporción menor de unidades neológicas (31,4%) mostró características más prototípicas de la función estilística, y sólo un grupo de estas (3,8%) se ubicó en el límite entre ambas funciones. Finalmente, se constató que los hablantes tienden a ajustar su pronunciación a la anglicada, las lexías identificadas presentan sentidos metafóricos, y la novedad se presenta a través de marcas orales y metadiscursivas.
Recent studies on the communicative functions in neology have suggested that these functions influence each other, claiming, in turn, the existence of neologisms with prototypical features of one or both of these functions. However, studies in this area have focused mainly on textual neology, leaving unexplored the functions exhibited by oral neology. Therefore, this research approaches a neological corpus extracted from six Chilean podcasts to carry out a mixed-type analysis: first, the characteristics of the spontaneous oral neology of the present corpus were contrasted with the findings of Domènech and Estopà (2009); second, the model proposed by Llopart-Saumell (2016) for the study of communicative functions was adapted to oral contexts of enunciation; and third, a characterization of the most relevant observed characteristics of the oral corpus was carried out. It is concluded that oral neology innovates by means of nouns, whose most productive types of innovation are borrowing, syntagmatization and semantic changes. The corpus responded mostly to denominative communicative needs (65.3%), although peripheral, while a smaller proportion of neological units (31.4%) showed more prototypical characteristics of the stylistic function, and only one group of these (3.8%) was located on the borderline between both functions. Finally, it was found that speakers tend to adjust their pronunciation to the Anglicized one, the lexies identified present metaphorical senses, and novelty is presented through oral and metadiscursive marks.
Recent studies on the communicative functions in neology have suggested that these functions influence each other, claiming, in turn, the existence of neologisms with prototypical features of one or both of these functions. However, studies in this area have focused mainly on textual neology, leaving unexplored the functions exhibited by oral neology. Therefore, this research approaches a neological corpus extracted from six Chilean podcasts to carry out a mixed-type analysis: first, the characteristics of the spontaneous oral neology of the present corpus were contrasted with the findings of Domènech and Estopà (2009); second, the model proposed by Llopart-Saumell (2016) for the study of communicative functions was adapted to oral contexts of enunciation; and third, a characterization of the most relevant observed characteristics of the oral corpus was carried out. It is concluded that oral neology innovates by means of nouns, whose most productive types of innovation are borrowing, syntagmatization and semantic changes. The corpus responded mostly to denominative communicative needs (65.3%), although peripheral, while a smaller proportion of neological units (31.4%) showed more prototypical characteristics of the stylistic function, and only one group of these (3.8%) was located on the borderline between both functions. Finally, it was found that speakers tend to adjust their pronunciation to the Anglicized one, the lexies identified present metaphorical senses, and novelty is presented through oral and metadiscursive marks.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Lingüística Aplicada
Keywords
Neologismos españoles Chile, Dialectología, Sociolingüística