Análisis y evaluación de un sistema de almacenamiento a baterías para el control de tensión en una mina a cielo abierto.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los desafíos en la calidad del suministro eléctrico en las minas a cielo abierto son objeto de estudio debido a sus implicaciones en la red eléctrica interna. Los problemas generalmente se relacionan a la regulación de tensión y a la distorsión armónica lo cual perjudica a la operación eficiente de la mina. Estos problemas son generados por las cargas de gran potencia que posee la industria, en particular para la etapa de extracción, las palas y perforadoras son equipos esenciales, pero debido a sus características dinámicas, causan fluctuaciones en la regulación de tensión asociados a sus ciclos de trabajo. El creciente interés por parte de la industria minera en la gestión eficiente de la energía y la disminución de su dependencia de combustibles fósiles ha potenciado la electrificación. El concepto de microrredes representa una alternativa realista a implementar, y se han desarrollado numerosos estudios que reafirman sus beneficios potenciales en sectores industriales pesados como la minería. En este trabajo se proponen mejoras en la regulación de tensión mediante el control del flujo de potencia de un BESS, el cual opera a través de su inversor en una configuración grid supporting, por lo tanto, se desarrolló un modelo de una red de distribución de una mina a cielo abierto basado en datos reales, con la finalidad de poder comparar el BESS con respecto a los bancos de condensadores. Los resultados indican que el BESS es una buena alternativa para reducir la caída de tensión en las barras de la red de distribución mediante la inyección de potencia activa y reactiva. Sin embargo, no es una solución efectiva para controlar la frecuencia debido a que su capacidad está limitada por la operación de la mina, lo que significa que no se observan efectos significativos en la frecuencia. Aun así, la capacidad de inyección de potencia activa puede ayudar a disminuir la regulación de tensión en las barras.
The challenges in the quality of electrical supply in open pit mines are the subject of study due to their implications on the internal electrical network. In general, the problems are related to voltage regulation and harmonic distortion, which are detrimental to the efficient operation of the mine. These problems are generated by the high power loads of the industry, in particular for the mineral extraction, the shovels and drills are essential equipment, but due to their dynamic characteristics, cause fluctuations in voltage regulation associated with their duty cycles. The mining industry’s growing interest in efficient energy management and decreasing its dependence on fossil fuels has driven electrification. The concept of microgrids represents a realistic alternative to implement, and numerous studies have been conducted to reaffirm their potential benefits in heavy industrial sectors such as mining. This work proposes improvements in voltage regulation by controlling the power flow of a BESS, which operates through its inverter in a grid support configuration, so a model of an open pit mine distribution network was developed based on real data to compare the BESS with capacitor banks. The results indicate that the BESS is a good alternative to reduce the voltage drop at the busbars of the distribution network by injecting active and reactive power. However, it’s not an effective solution for frequency control because its capacity is limited by the mine operation, which means that no significant effects on frequency are observed. Even so, the active power injection capability can help to reduce voltage regulation at the busbars.
The challenges in the quality of electrical supply in open pit mines are the subject of study due to their implications on the internal electrical network. In general, the problems are related to voltage regulation and harmonic distortion, which are detrimental to the efficient operation of the mine. These problems are generated by the high power loads of the industry, in particular for the mineral extraction, the shovels and drills are essential equipment, but due to their dynamic characteristics, cause fluctuations in voltage regulation associated with their duty cycles. The mining industry’s growing interest in efficient energy management and decreasing its dependence on fossil fuels has driven electrification. The concept of microgrids represents a realistic alternative to implement, and numerous studies have been conducted to reaffirm their potential benefits in heavy industrial sectors such as mining. This work proposes improvements in voltage regulation by controlling the power flow of a BESS, which operates through its inverter in a grid support configuration, so a model of an open pit mine distribution network was developed based on real data to compare the BESS with capacitor banks. The results indicate that the BESS is a good alternative to reduce the voltage drop at the busbars of the distribution network by injecting active and reactive power. However, it’s not an effective solution for frequency control because its capacity is limited by the mine operation, which means that no significant effects on frequency are observed. Even so, the active power injection capability can help to reduce voltage regulation at the busbars.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Civil Eléctrico
Keywords
Recursos energéticos, Minería a tajo abierto Equipos y accesorios, Almacenamiento de energía