Evaluación de los retornos económicos de la poda en plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don en un gradiente de productividades y en distintas intensidades de manejo en la Zona Centro-Sur de Chile.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se evaluaron los retornos económicos de la poda en Pinus radiata D. Don en distintos niveles de productividad y manejo en la Zona Centro-Sur de Chile. Se analizó la distribución de árboles podados, su calidad, volumen de productos a la cosecha y retornos económicos según productividad y manejo. Se usaron datos de inventarios forestales con distintos escenarios de poda y raleo, evaluaciones económicas y análisis de sensibilidad mediante simulación Montecarlo. Los resultados indicaron que las Zonas de Crecimiento de alta productividad tuvieron mayores retornos económicos, mientras que en áreas de baja productividad estos fueron más variables y, en algunos casos, negativos. Se simularon esquemas homólogos (dos podas para Aurora y cuatro podas para Canteras). En Canteras, las Zonas de Crecimiento 4 y 7 pasaron de 2135.1 y 2122.7 USD/ha con manejo actual a 2978.9 y 2695.2 USD/ha con el esquema homólogo, evidenciando una subutilización del sitio. En Zonas de Crecimiento de baja productividad, como las Zonas de Crecimiento 1 y 2 del patrimonio Aurora, los retornos fueron bajos o negativos: de -243.4 y 136.7 USD/ha a -305.9 y 312.6 USD/ha con su esquema homólogo. No obstante, en la Zona de Crecimiento 2, la simulación de un esquema estructural elevó el retorno a 704.9 USD/ha. Este estudio resalta la importancia de ajustar las estrategias de poda y manejo según la productividad local para optimizar rendimientos volumétricos y sostenibilidad económica.
The economic returns of pruning in Pinus radiata D. Don were evaluated at different levels of productivity and management in the Central-Southern Zone of Chile. The distribution of pruned trees, their quality, harvested product volume, and economic returns according to productivity and management were analyzed. Forest inventory data were used under different pruning and thinning scenarios, along with economic evaluations and sensitivity analysis through Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicated that high-productivity Growth Zones had higher economic returns, while in low-productivity areas, returns were more variable and, in some cases, negative. Homologous pruning schemes were simulated (2 prunings for Aurora and 4 prunings for Canteras). In Canteras, Growth Zones 4 and 7 increased from 2135.1 and 2122.7 USD/ha under the current management to 2978.9 and 2695.2 USD/ha with the homologous scheme, indicating site underutilization. In low-productivity Growth Zones, such as Zones 1 and 2 of the Aurora estate, returns were low or negative: from -243.4 and 136.7 USD/ha to 305.9 and 312.6 USD/ha with their homologous scheme. However, in Growth Zone 2, the simulation of a structural management scheme increased the return to 704.9 USD/ha. This study highlights the importance of adjusting pruning and management strategies according to local productivity to optimize volumetric yields and economic sustainability.
The economic returns of pruning in Pinus radiata D. Don were evaluated at different levels of productivity and management in the Central-Southern Zone of Chile. The distribution of pruned trees, their quality, harvested product volume, and economic returns according to productivity and management were analyzed. Forest inventory data were used under different pruning and thinning scenarios, along with economic evaluations and sensitivity analysis through Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicated that high-productivity Growth Zones had higher economic returns, while in low-productivity areas, returns were more variable and, in some cases, negative. Homologous pruning schemes were simulated (2 prunings for Aurora and 4 prunings for Canteras). In Canteras, Growth Zones 4 and 7 increased from 2135.1 and 2122.7 USD/ha under the current management to 2978.9 and 2695.2 USD/ha with the homologous scheme, indicating site underutilization. In low-productivity Growth Zones, such as Zones 1 and 2 of the Aurora estate, returns were low or negative: from -243.4 and 136.7 USD/ha to 305.9 and 312.6 USD/ha with their homologous scheme. However, in Growth Zone 2, the simulation of a structural management scheme increased the return to 704.9 USD/ha. This study highlights the importance of adjusting pruning and management strategies according to local productivity to optimize volumetric yields and economic sustainability.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Forestal
Keywords
Pino insigne, Manejo forestal, Productividad forestal Chile