Biocarbón en las propiedades físicas, químicas y curva de desecamiento en dos tipos de suelos.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El biocarbón derivado de la pirolisis de biomasa, puede mejorar la fertilidad del suelo, retiene agua y nutrientes y contribuye al secuestro de carbono para mitigar el cambio climático. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del biocarbón en las propiedades físicas, químicas y la curva de desecamiento de suelos areno francoso y franco arcilloso, así como su impacto en la producción de biomasa de Lolium multiflorum. Se aplicaron dosis de 0,5%, 0,75% y 1% de biocarbón, elaborado a partir de poda de cerezos mediante pirolisis lenta. En el suelo areno francoso, el biocarbón incrementó significativamente el pH, el carbono total y el fósforo olsen, mientras que en el suelo franco arcilloso redujo los nitratos y aumentó el carbono total. No se observaron efectos en la densidad aparente ni en las curvas de retención de humedad gravimétrica en ninguno de los suelos. Las curvas de desecamiento volumétricas revelaron que el biocarbón mejoró la retención hídrica en el suelo areno francoso durante periodos de secado, con un incremento significativo en la biomasa a una dosis del 1%. En el suelo franco arcilloso, aunque no hubo efecto en la biomasa debido a sus condiciones iniciales favorables, se observó un aumento en la retención hídrica a dosis del 1% durante el periodo de secado. Estos resultados subrayan el potencial del biocarbón para optimizar suelos de baja fertilidad y promover prácticas agrícolas sostenibles.
Biochar, derived from biomass pyrolysis, can improve soil fertility, retain water and nutrients, and contribute to carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of biochar on the physical and chemical properties and the drying curve of sandy loam and clay loam soils, as well as its impact on the biomass production of Lolium multiflorum. Doses of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% of biochar, produced from cherry pruning residues through slow pyrolysis, were applied. In the sandy loam soil, biochar significantly increased pH, total carbon, and olsen phosphorus, while in the clay loam soil, it reduced nitrates and increased total carbon. No effects were observed on bulk density or gravimetric water retention curves in either soil. Volumetric drying curves revealed that biochar improved water retention in sandy loam soil during drying periods, with a significant increase in biomass at the 1% dose. In clay loam soil, although there was no effect on biomass due to its favorable initial conditions, an increase in water retention was observed at the 1% dose during the drying period. These results highlight the potential of biochar to optimize low fertility soils and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
Biochar, derived from biomass pyrolysis, can improve soil fertility, retain water and nutrients, and contribute to carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of biochar on the physical and chemical properties and the drying curve of sandy loam and clay loam soils, as well as its impact on the biomass production of Lolium multiflorum. Doses of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% of biochar, produced from cherry pruning residues through slow pyrolysis, were applied. In the sandy loam soil, biochar significantly increased pH, total carbon, and olsen phosphorus, while in the clay loam soil, it reduced nitrates and increased total carbon. No effects were observed on bulk density or gravimetric water retention curves in either soil. Volumetric drying curves revealed that biochar improved water retention in sandy loam soil during drying periods, with a significant increase in biomass at the 1% dose. In clay loam soil, although there was no effect on biomass due to its favorable initial conditions, an increase in water retention was observed at the 1% dose during the drying period. These results highlight the potential of biochar to optimize low fertility soils and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo.
Keywords
Textura de suelos, Biomasa, Fertilidad del suelo, Cambios climáticos