Análisis de estabilidad química y física de morteros con sustitución de arena por material de relave.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la estabilidad química y física de morteros con diferentes proporciones de relave como sustituto de la arena, sometidos a inmersión en ácido sulfúrico. Este análisis es relevante para entender los beneficios que el relave puede aportar al mortero y evaluar su durabilidad frente al ataque ácido, además de proporcionar una opción para reutilizar este pasivo minero y reducir su impacto ambiental . Los objetivos del estudio incluyeron recopilar información sobre los relaves, revisar investigaciones existentes relacionadas con su reutilización, investigar metodologías para determinar la
durabilidad de los morteros, describir las técnicas de evaluación del ataque ácido, e interpretar los resultados obtenidos.
Se fabricaron probetas de mortero por triplicado con porcentajes de reemplazo de arena por relave de 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% y 50%. La relación agua/cemento (A/C) utilizada fue de 0,59 para el control, los reemplazo de 10%, 20% y 30%, y de 0,62 y 0,97 para los reemplazos de 40% y 50% respectivamente. Las muestras fueron curadas en agua durante 28 días para evaluar sus propiedades mecánicas, y se compararon con muestras sometidas a inmersión en cido durante 1, 7, 14, 28, 56 y 84 días, siguiendo la norma ASTM-C1898-20. Además, se realizaron caracterizaciones de las probetas y las soluciones, mediciones de pH, conductividad, volumen, masa, densidad, y ensayos de flexión y compresión. También se llevó a cabo ataque ácido y filtrado de las componentes del mortero para evaluar su comportamiento de forma individual, y se aplicó espectroscopia de absorción atómica tanto
a las soluciones de los periodos de inmersión como al filtrado de los componentes del mortero.
Los resultados demostraron que el reemplazo de determinados porcentajes de relaves en morteros mejora significativamente sus propiedades químicas y física, incluyendo un mejor tiempo de fraguado, una reducción en la porosidad y permeabilidad, y una mayor resistencia al ataque ácido. Los reemplazos de relave de 20% y 30% fueron los más prometedores. Los morteros con reemplazo de relave demostraron aislar y limitar eficazmente la liberación de metales.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical and physical stability of mortars with different proportions of tailings as a substitute for sand, subjected to immersion in sulfuric acid. This analysis is relevant to understanding the benefits that tailings can bring to mortar and to assess its durability against acid attack, as well as providing an option to reuse this mining waste and reduce its environmental impact. The objectives of the study included gathering information on tailings, reviewing existing research related to their reuse, investigating methodologies to determine the durability of mortars, describing techniques for evaluating acid attack, and interpreting the results obtained. Mortar samples were fabricated in triplicate with sand replacement percentages by tailings of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The water/cement (W/C) ratio used was 0.59 for the control and for the 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements, and 0.62 and 0.97 for the 40% and 50% replacements, respectively. The samples were cured in water for 28 days to evaluate their mechanical properties and were compared with samples subjected to immersion in acid for 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 days, following the ASTM-C1898-20 standard. Additionally, characterizations of the samples and solutions were carried out, along with measurements of pH, conductivity, volume, mass, density, and flexural and compressive strength tests. Acid attack and filtration of mortar components were also performed to evaluate their behavior individually, and atomic absorption spectroscopy was applied to both the immersion period solutions and the filtered components of the mortar. The results demonstrated that replacing certain percentages of tailings in mortars significantly improves their chemical and physical properties, including better setting time, a reduction in porosity and permeability, and greater resistance to acid attack. The 20% and 30% tailings replacements were the most promising. Mortars with tailings replacement effectively isolated and limited the release of metals.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical and physical stability of mortars with different proportions of tailings as a substitute for sand, subjected to immersion in sulfuric acid. This analysis is relevant to understanding the benefits that tailings can bring to mortar and to assess its durability against acid attack, as well as providing an option to reuse this mining waste and reduce its environmental impact. The objectives of the study included gathering information on tailings, reviewing existing research related to their reuse, investigating methodologies to determine the durability of mortars, describing techniques for evaluating acid attack, and interpreting the results obtained. Mortar samples were fabricated in triplicate with sand replacement percentages by tailings of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The water/cement (W/C) ratio used was 0.59 for the control and for the 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements, and 0.62 and 0.97 for the 40% and 50% replacements, respectively. The samples were cured in water for 28 days to evaluate their mechanical properties and were compared with samples subjected to immersion in acid for 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 days, following the ASTM-C1898-20 standard. Additionally, characterizations of the samples and solutions were carried out, along with measurements of pH, conductivity, volume, mass, density, and flexural and compressive strength tests. Acid attack and filtration of mortar components were also performed to evaluate their behavior individually, and atomic absorption spectroscopy was applied to both the immersion period solutions and the filtered components of the mortar. The results demonstrated that replacing certain percentages of tailings in mortars significantly improves their chemical and physical properties, including better setting time, a reduction in porosity and permeability, and greater resistance to acid attack. The 20% and 30% tailings replacements were the most promising. Mortars with tailings replacement effectively isolated and limited the release of metals.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil de Minas
Keywords
Mortero, Relaves, Ácido sulfúrico