Análisis del efecto de la inercia térmica de los muros en la eficiencia energética de una vivienda a través de simulaciones en los programas CEV y TRNSYS.
Loading...
Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El cambio climático y el calentamiento global son temas que afectan a todos en todas partes por igual, es por esto por lo que es imperativo seguir buscando formas de disminuir el consumo de energía, para así disminuir el impacto negativo que tiene la generación de esta. Mas específicamente, una de las áreas que más consume energía es el área residencial y a su vez, uno de los mayores porcentajes de su consumo corresponde a sistemas de climatización. Para abordar el problema del consumo de energía en climatización de viviendas, hay múltiples alternativas y una de ellas es mejorar la inercia térmica de las viviendas.
La inercia térmica es la capacidad de un material de almacenar calor y después liberarlo lentamente. En este proyecto, se quieren determinar los efectos de la inercia térmica en la eficiencia energética de las viviendas, para lo cual se realizan simulaciones en el programa de cálculo de la calificación energética de viviendas (CEV) y en el software TRNSYS. Se estudian una vivienda aislada de madera, una vivienda aislada de ladrillo y un departamento de hormigón, tanto para la ciudad de Concepción como para la ciudad de Santiago, ambas en Chile. Además, para los casos de la casa de ladrillo y el departamento de hormigón se prueba un caso con la aislación térmica al interior del muro y otro con la aislación por fuera, para ver cómo afecta la posición de dicho elemento en la eficiencia.
Luego de realizar las simulaciones, se obtiene la información de la cantidad de tiempo que cada vivienda, en cada uno de sus casos, se encuentra fuera del rango de confort deseado y la demanda de energía necesaria para calefaccionar dichas viviendas. Con esto se ve que el efecto de la inercia es significativo, habiendo una disminución del tiempo fuera del rango de comodidad entre la vivienda de madera y el departamento de hormigón de aproximadamente el 20% con respecto al total. También se verifica que a medida que aumenta la masa térmica del material, aumenta la inercia y a su vez, mejora el rendimiento, ya que disminuye la demanda energética a casi un tercio, al pasar de madera a hormigón, esto debido a que la capacidad de almacenar calor es mayor, lo que permite que, aunque la temperatura exterior varie, la temperatura interior se mantenga estable por un periodo más largo de tiempo. Por último, se concluyó que es mejor ubicar el material aislante por el exterior del muro, ya que ubicarlo por el interior impide que el material del muro libere el calor almacenado de la mejor manera.
Climate change and global warming are issues that affect everyone on everywhere equally, which is why it is imperative to continue seeking ways to reduce energy consumption, thereby decreasing the negative impact of energy generation. More specifically, one of the areas that consumes the most energy is the residential sector, and within it, a significant percentage of energy consumption corresponds to air conditioning systems. To address the issue of energy consumption in residential air conditioning, there are multiple alternatives, one of which is improving the thermal inertia of homes. Thermal inertia is the capacity of a material to store heat and then release it gradually. This project aims to determine the effects of thermal inertia on the energy efficiency of homes by conducting simulations using the energy rating calculation program for homes (CEV) and the TRNSYS software. A detached wooden house, a detached brick house, and a concrete apartment are studied, both for the city of Concepción and for the city of Santiago, both in Chile. Additionally, for the cases of the brick house and the concrete apartment, one case with thermal insulation on the interior of the wall and another with insulation on the exterior are tested to see how the position of this element affects efficiency. After performing the simulations, information is obtained on the amount of time each home, in each of its cases, is outside the desired comfort range and the energy demand necessary to heat these homes. The results show that the effect of inertia is significant, with a decrease of about 20% in the time outside the comfort range between the wooden house and the concrete apartment. It is also verified that as the thermal mass of the material increases, inertia increases and, at the same time, performance improves, as energy demand decreases to almost a third when switching from wood to concrete. This is because the heat storage capacity is greater, allowing the interior temperature to remain stable for a longer period even as the exterior temperature fluctuates. Finally, it was concluded that it is better to place the insulating material on the exterior of the wall, as placing it on the interior prevents the wall material from releasing the stored heat in the best possible way.
Climate change and global warming are issues that affect everyone on everywhere equally, which is why it is imperative to continue seeking ways to reduce energy consumption, thereby decreasing the negative impact of energy generation. More specifically, one of the areas that consumes the most energy is the residential sector, and within it, a significant percentage of energy consumption corresponds to air conditioning systems. To address the issue of energy consumption in residential air conditioning, there are multiple alternatives, one of which is improving the thermal inertia of homes. Thermal inertia is the capacity of a material to store heat and then release it gradually. This project aims to determine the effects of thermal inertia on the energy efficiency of homes by conducting simulations using the energy rating calculation program for homes (CEV) and the TRNSYS software. A detached wooden house, a detached brick house, and a concrete apartment are studied, both for the city of Concepción and for the city of Santiago, both in Chile. Additionally, for the cases of the brick house and the concrete apartment, one case with thermal insulation on the interior of the wall and another with insulation on the exterior are tested to see how the position of this element affects efficiency. After performing the simulations, information is obtained on the amount of time each home, in each of its cases, is outside the desired comfort range and the energy demand necessary to heat these homes. The results show that the effect of inertia is significant, with a decrease of about 20% in the time outside the comfort range between the wooden house and the concrete apartment. It is also verified that as the thermal mass of the material increases, inertia increases and, at the same time, performance improves, as energy demand decreases to almost a third when switching from wood to concrete. This is because the heat storage capacity is greater, allowing the interior temperature to remain stable for a longer period even as the exterior temperature fluctuates. Finally, it was concluded that it is better to place the insulating material on the exterior of the wall, as placing it on the interior prevents the wall material from releasing the stored heat in the best possible way.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Civil Mecánico
Keywords
Proyectos de construcción, Aislamiento térmico, Energía