Aplicación de BIM para el aseguramiento del diseño y fabricación de un cortador de muestras de un proyecto minero.
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Date
2026
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En proyectos mineros, el diseño y la fabricación de equipos especializados suelen desarrollarse mediante información proveniente de distintas empresas y disciplinas, lo que puede generar incompatibilidades que afecten su posterior montaje. Esta memoria tuvo como objetivo integrar un modelo BIM del cortador de muestras 03351-CMU-001 y de su entorno inmediato de instalación, con el propósito de identificar interferencias y contribuir al aseguramiento de su diseño, fabricación y montaje en el proyecto “Montaje Espesador de Cabeza, PMFC-DAND”, de CODELCO División Andina.
El estudio comprendió la revisión de planos, especificaciones, memorias de cálculo y modelos tridimensionales; el seguimiento del proceso de fabricación mediante dos visitas a maestranza; la simulación por elementos finitos del carro porta cuchara; la integración de los modelos en Autodesk Navisworks; y una evaluación técnico-económica de las condiciones detectadas. El análisis estructural consideró la condición operacional, combinaciones sísmicas estáticas, un análisis modal y un análisis por espectro de respuesta.
La condición operacional produjo un esfuerzo equivalente máximo de 11,4 MPa y un factor de seguridad de 13,06 respecto del criterio ASD. La envolvente de las combinaciones sísmicas alcanzó 69,764 MPa y un factor de seguridad de 2,13, manteniéndose bajo el esfuerzo admisible del acero ASTM A36. El análisis dinámico presentó un esfuerzo máximo de 15,67 MPa, inferior al valor analítico informado en la memoria del proveedor, aunque ambos resultados cumplieron el criterio admisible. El seguimiento de fabricación evidenció un avance físico de 80,50 %, frente al 100 % programado.
La coordinación BIM permitió identificar una interferencia de alta criticidad entre la canaleta de transición y el receptor de entrada del cortador primario, la cual impedía posicionar el equipo en su ubicación definitiva. Su detección durante la fabricación permitió modificar el receptor antes del traslado a terreno. De haberse identificado durante el montaje, habría sido necesario repetir una maniobra equivalente a 231 horas hombre y 11 horas máquina, con un costo directo estimado de $5.597.900 y una reprogramación de 2 a 4 días. Los resultados respaldan la aplicación de BIM como herramienta para anticipar incompatibilidades críticas y reducir el riesgo de retrabajos, costos adicionales y alteraciones de la programación.
In mining projects, the design and manufacturing of specialized equipment are commonly developed using information produced by different companies and engineering disciplines. This may lead to incompatibilities that affect subsequent installation activities. The objective of this thesis was to integrate a BIM model of sample cutter 03351-CMU-001 and its immediate installation environment to identify interferences and support the assurance of its design, manufacturing, and installation within the “Head Thickener Installation, PMFC-DAND” project at CODELCO Andina Division. The study included a review of drawings, technical specifications, calculation reports, and three-dimensional models; manufacturing monitoring through two workshop visits; a finite element simulation of the spoon-supporting carriage; model integration in Autodesk Navisworks; and a technical-economic assessment of the conditions identified. The structural evaluation included the operating condition, equivalent static seismic load combinations, modal analysis, and response spectrum analysis. The operating condition produced a maximum equivalent stress of 11.4 MPa and a safety factor of 13.06 relative to the Allowable Stress Design criterion. The envelope of the static seismic combinations reached 69.764 MPa, with a safety factor of 2.13, remaining below the allowable stress of ASTM A36 steel. The dynamic analysis produced a maximum equivalent stress of 15.67 MPa, which was lower than the analytical value reported in the supplier’s calculation report, although both results satisfied the allowable stress criterion. Manufacturing monitoring showed an actual physical progress of 80.50%, compared with the scheduled 100%. BIM coordination identified a high-criticality interference between the transition chute and the inlet receiver of the primary sample cutter, which prevented the equipment from being positioned in its final location. Detection during manufacturing allowed the inlet receiver to be modified before transportation to the site. Had the interference been identified during installation, an additional lifting operation requiring 231 man-hours and 11 machine-hours would have been necessary, with an estimated direct cost of CLP 5,597,900 and a schedule impact of 2 to 4 days. The results support BIM as a tool for anticipating critical incompatibilities and reducing the risk of rework, additional costs, and schedule disruptions.
In mining projects, the design and manufacturing of specialized equipment are commonly developed using information produced by different companies and engineering disciplines. This may lead to incompatibilities that affect subsequent installation activities. The objective of this thesis was to integrate a BIM model of sample cutter 03351-CMU-001 and its immediate installation environment to identify interferences and support the assurance of its design, manufacturing, and installation within the “Head Thickener Installation, PMFC-DAND” project at CODELCO Andina Division. The study included a review of drawings, technical specifications, calculation reports, and three-dimensional models; manufacturing monitoring through two workshop visits; a finite element simulation of the spoon-supporting carriage; model integration in Autodesk Navisworks; and a technical-economic assessment of the conditions identified. The structural evaluation included the operating condition, equivalent static seismic load combinations, modal analysis, and response spectrum analysis. The operating condition produced a maximum equivalent stress of 11.4 MPa and a safety factor of 13.06 relative to the Allowable Stress Design criterion. The envelope of the static seismic combinations reached 69.764 MPa, with a safety factor of 2.13, remaining below the allowable stress of ASTM A36 steel. The dynamic analysis produced a maximum equivalent stress of 15.67 MPa, which was lower than the analytical value reported in the supplier’s calculation report, although both results satisfied the allowable stress criterion. Manufacturing monitoring showed an actual physical progress of 80.50%, compared with the scheduled 100%. BIM coordination identified a high-criticality interference between the transition chute and the inlet receiver of the primary sample cutter, which prevented the equipment from being positioned in its final location. Detection during manufacturing allowed the inlet receiver to be modified before transportation to the site. Had the interference been identified during installation, an additional lifting operation requiring 231 man-hours and 11 machine-hours would have been necessary, with an estimated direct cost of CLP 5,597,900 and a schedule impact of 2 to 4 days. The results support BIM as a tool for anticipating critical incompatibilities and reducing the risk of rework, additional costs, and schedule disruptions.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil Mecánico/a.
Keywords
Building information modeling, Maquinaria Diseño, Cortadoras, Minería