Estudio técnico económico del uso de hidrógeno y amoníaco verdes en transportes de ferrocarriles en Chile.
Loading...
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En esta memoria de título se realiza un estudio técnico-económico de la utilización de hidrógeno y amoníaco verdes como combustibles en el transporte de ferrocarriles en el norte de Chile. Este estudio se basa en búsquedas bibliográficas, realizando con ellos balances de energías, cálculos de consumo de combustible y cálculos de costos de equipos para su debida implementación, y de esta manera realizar una comparación entre los tres combustibles. Este estudio se basa en parte en el tren de FCAB, de donde se rescatan las características más importantes de este tren, como su potencia, peso, velocidad, recorrido, etc. El tren de hidrógeno verde está compuesto por un sistema de pilas de combustible y de baterías de potencia. Por su parte, el tren de amoníaco verde está formado principalmente con un sistema llamado Amogy Powerpack, que es un sistema integrado de reactor de craqueo, un absorbedor y celdas de combustibles. El hidrógeno verde presenta una eficiencia energética del 59%, siendo muy superior a las eficiencias del amoníaco verde y del diésel, esto se ve reflejado en la baja cantidad de kilogramos de hidrogeno verde que se necesitan para realizar cierto recorrido. En temas de costos anuales de combustible y de su transporte, el amoníaco verde es el que presenta mayores valores para estos costos anuales. Para los costos de equipos y de estanque específicos para cada tren, el que presenta mayores costos es el hidrógeno verde y esto se debe en gran parte por la alta presión en la que se almacena este combustible. A pesar de los desafíos técnicos y económicos identificados, los resultados de este estudio demuestran que la adopción de hidrógeno y amoníaco verde en el transporte ferroviario del norte de Chile representa una alternativa viable y sostenible con el tiempo.
This thesis presents a technical-economic study of the use of green hydrogen and ammonia as fuels in railway transport in northern Chile. This study is based on bibliographic searches, carrying out energy balances, fuel consumption calculations and equipment cost calculations for their proper implementation, and in this way making a comparison between the three fuels. This study is based in part on the FCAB train, from which the most important characteristics of this train are extracted, such as its power, weight, speed, travel, etc. The green hydrogen train is composed of a fuel cell system and power batteries. For its part, the green ammonia train is mainly made up of a system called Amogy Powerpack, which is an integrated system of a cracking reactor, an absorber and fuel cells. Green hydrogen has an energy efficiency of 59%, which is much higher than the efficiencies of green ammonia and diesel, as reflected in the low number of kilograms of green hydrogen needed to make a certain journey. In terms of annual fuel costs and their transportation, green ammonia is the one with the highest values for these annual costs. For the costs of equipment and tanks specific to each train, the one with the highest costs is green hydrogen, and this is largely due to the high pressure at which this fuel is stored. Despite the technical and economic challenges identified, the results of this study demonstrate that the adoption of green hydrogen and ammonia in rail transport in northern Chile represents a viable and sustainable alternative over time.
This thesis presents a technical-economic study of the use of green hydrogen and ammonia as fuels in railway transport in northern Chile. This study is based on bibliographic searches, carrying out energy balances, fuel consumption calculations and equipment cost calculations for their proper implementation, and in this way making a comparison between the three fuels. This study is based in part on the FCAB train, from which the most important characteristics of this train are extracted, such as its power, weight, speed, travel, etc. The green hydrogen train is composed of a fuel cell system and power batteries. For its part, the green ammonia train is mainly made up of a system called Amogy Powerpack, which is an integrated system of a cracking reactor, an absorber and fuel cells. Green hydrogen has an energy efficiency of 59%, which is much higher than the efficiencies of green ammonia and diesel, as reflected in the low number of kilograms of green hydrogen needed to make a certain journey. In terms of annual fuel costs and their transportation, green ammonia is the one with the highest values for these annual costs. For the costs of equipment and tanks specific to each train, the one with the highest costs is green hydrogen, and this is largely due to the high pressure at which this fuel is stored. Despite the technical and economic challenges identified, the results of this study demonstrate that the adoption of green hydrogen and ammonia in rail transport in northern Chile represents a viable and sustainable alternative over time.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Químico.
Keywords
Combustibles Investigaciones, Transporte, Ferrocarriles