Análisis comparativos de propuestas silviculturales en plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don para la producción de madera estructural.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se evaluó, mediante simulaciones con el Modelo Nacional de Simulación (MNS), el efecto de seis esquemas silvícolas con y sin fertilización sobre el volumen y rentabilidad en plantaciones de Pinus radiata ubicadas en sitios de baja y media productividad (IS 25 e IS 27). Se definió como madera estructural la suma de los tres primeros productos aserrables (Aserrable 1–3), proyectados a la edad de rotación óptima determinada por el mayor Valor Potencial del Suelo (VPS) al 8 %.
En sitios IS 25, el esquema 6 (800 árb/ha, con poda y fertilización) alcanzó el mayor volumen estructural (66,8 m³/ha), aunque con menor VPS que el esquema más rentable. En IS 27, el esquema 6 también obtuvo el mayor volumen (72,1 m³/ha), mientras que el esquema 3 (1000 árb/ha, con fertilización) logró el mayor VPS (1936 USD/ha). Esto evidencia que densidades intermedias logran un equilibrio entre volumen y rentabilidad.
La fertilización mostró un efecto positivo principalmente en sitios más productivos, mientras que en IS 25 su impacto fue limitado. Los resultados confirman que es posible orientar el manejo silvícola hacia la producción de madera estructural, incluso en sitios tradicionalmente marginales, mejorando su valor y competitividad forestal.
Using the National Simulation Model (MNS), six silvicultural schemes with and without fertilization were simulated to assess volume and profitability in Pinus radiata plantations located on low- and medium-productivity sites (SI 25 and SI 27). Structural timber volume was defined as the sum of the first three sawlog products (Sawlog 1–3), evaluated at the optimal rotation age determined by the maximum Soil Expectation Value (SEV) at an 8% discount rate. In SI 25, Scheme 6 (800 trees/ha, pruning + fertilization) achieved the highest structural volume (66.8 m³/ha) but a lower SEV than the most profitable scheme. In SI 27, Scheme 6 also reached the highest structural yield (72.1 m³/ha), while Scheme 3 (1000 trees/ha, with fertilization) obtained the highest SEV (USD 1936/ha). This indicates that intermediate densities offer a better balance between volume and economic return. Fertilization showed a stronger positive effect in higher-productivity sites, while its influence in SI 25 was limited. Results demonstrate that Pinus radiata plantations can be effectively managed for structural timber production, even in marginal sites, by optimizing density, pruning, and fertilization to enhance wood quality and market value.
Using the National Simulation Model (MNS), six silvicultural schemes with and without fertilization were simulated to assess volume and profitability in Pinus radiata plantations located on low- and medium-productivity sites (SI 25 and SI 27). Structural timber volume was defined as the sum of the first three sawlog products (Sawlog 1–3), evaluated at the optimal rotation age determined by the maximum Soil Expectation Value (SEV) at an 8% discount rate. In SI 25, Scheme 6 (800 trees/ha, pruning + fertilization) achieved the highest structural volume (66.8 m³/ha) but a lower SEV than the most profitable scheme. In SI 27, Scheme 6 also reached the highest structural yield (72.1 m³/ha), while Scheme 3 (1000 trees/ha, with fertilization) obtained the highest SEV (USD 1936/ha). This indicates that intermediate densities offer a better balance between volume and economic return. Fertilization showed a stronger positive effect in higher-productivity sites, while its influence in SI 25 was limited. Results demonstrate that Pinus radiata plantations can be effectively managed for structural timber production, even in marginal sites, by optimizing density, pruning, and fertilization to enhance wood quality and market value.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Forestal.
Keywords
Pino insigne, Pinus radiata, Industria de productos forestales, Árboles Crecimiento