Isleidad y paisaje: herramientas geográficas para entender la transformación espacial en islas.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La geografía, con su enfoque multidimensional, proporciona una comprensión más profunda de las transformaciones espaciales en el contexto del Antropoceno en territorios de ‘’isleidad’’. El concepto de "isleidad” resalta la singularidad inherente de las islas, derivada de sus diversas características geográficas. En este caso, nos referimos a Robinson Crusoe (IRC), la isla más extensa del Archipiélago de Juan Fernández (AJF). El objetivo de esta investigación se enmarca en un proyecto complejo, que aborda la historia ambiental del archipiélago. La propuesta es evaluar el estado actual de los paisajes de la isla Robinson Crusoe, con énfasis en los niveles de degradación de sus componentes. A partir del uso de herramientas de análisis espacial, basadas en imágenes y análisis geoespacial; se proyectan mapas topográficos, geomorfológicos, vegetacionales y antrópicos.
Las unidades geomorfológicas se obtuvieron a través de tres metodologías: la interpretación del Topographic Position Index, análisis de imágenes satelitales, y el trabajo de campo realizado por una de las investigadoras del proyecto FONDECYT Regular Nº 1230837. Estas geoformas, son el eje principal para determinar los diferentes geosistemas, siendo la unidad geomorfológica de Cordones montañosos y laderas la de mayor extensión, con aproximadamente 3878 Ha. Dentro de estos geosistemas se identificaron un total de trece geofacies, las cuales se clasificaron en diferentes estados de degradación utilizando la metodología de Jaque (1996).
Entre los resultados de las geofacies, se destaca que cuatro se encuentran en un estado de evolución progresiva, abarcando una superficie de 1045 Ha; otras cuatro geofacies están semiestabilizadas con evolución regresiva con una superficie de 1678 Ha; mientras que cinco geofacies están en desestabilización o en rexistasia, representado una superficie 2021 Ha. En total, 3699 Ha, o el 78% de los paisajes, presentan algún nivel de degradación o desestabilización. Para estos paisajes, se proponen directrices para una planificación ecológica, con el objetivo que el paisaje vuelva a su estado ideal mediante medidas como la restauración, preservación y uso sustentable.
Geography, with its multidimensional approach, provides a deeper understanding of spatial transformations in the context of the Anthropocene in territories of "islandness." The concept of "islandness" highlights the inherent uniqueness of islands, derived from their diverse geographical characteristics. In this case, we refer to Robinson Crusoe (IRC), the largest island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago (JFA). The objective of this research is part of a complex project, namely the environmental history of the archipelago. The proposal is to evaluate the current state of the landscapes on Robinson Crusoe Island, with an emphasis on the levels of degradation of its components. Using spatial analysis tools, based on images and geospatial analysis, topographic, geomorphological, vegetational, and anthropic maps are projected. The geomorphological units were obtained through three methodologies: the interpretation of the Topographic Position Index, the analysis of satellite images, and the fieldwork conducted by one of the researchers of the FONDECYT Regular Project N°1230837. These geoforms are the main axis for determining the different geosystems, with the geomorphological unit of mountain ranges and slopes being the most extensive, covering approximately 3878 Ha. Within these geosystems, a total of thirteen geofacies were identified, which were classified into different states of degradation using the methodology of Jaque (1996). Among the results of the geofacies, it stands out that four geofacies are in a state of progressive evolution, covering an area of 1045 Ha; another four geofacies are semi-stabilized with regressive evolution, covering 1678 Ha; while five geofacies are in destabilization or rexistasia, representing an area of 2021Ha. In total, 3699 Ha, or 78% of the landscapes, present some level of degradation or destabilization. For these landscapes, guidelines for ecological planning are proposed, with the objective of restoring the landscape to its ideal state through measures such as restoration, preservation, and sustainable use.
Geography, with its multidimensional approach, provides a deeper understanding of spatial transformations in the context of the Anthropocene in territories of "islandness." The concept of "islandness" highlights the inherent uniqueness of islands, derived from their diverse geographical characteristics. In this case, we refer to Robinson Crusoe (IRC), the largest island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago (JFA). The objective of this research is part of a complex project, namely the environmental history of the archipelago. The proposal is to evaluate the current state of the landscapes on Robinson Crusoe Island, with an emphasis on the levels of degradation of its components. Using spatial analysis tools, based on images and geospatial analysis, topographic, geomorphological, vegetational, and anthropic maps are projected. The geomorphological units were obtained through three methodologies: the interpretation of the Topographic Position Index, the analysis of satellite images, and the fieldwork conducted by one of the researchers of the FONDECYT Regular Project N°1230837. These geoforms are the main axis for determining the different geosystems, with the geomorphological unit of mountain ranges and slopes being the most extensive, covering approximately 3878 Ha. Within these geosystems, a total of thirteen geofacies were identified, which were classified into different states of degradation using the methodology of Jaque (1996). Among the results of the geofacies, it stands out that four geofacies are in a state of progressive evolution, covering an area of 1045 Ha; another four geofacies are semi-stabilized with regressive evolution, covering 1678 Ha; while five geofacies are in destabilization or rexistasia, representing an area of 2021Ha. In total, 3699 Ha, or 78% of the landscapes, present some level of degradation or destabilization. For these landscapes, guidelines for ecological planning are proposed, with the objective of restoring the landscape to its ideal state through measures such as restoration, preservation, and sustainable use.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Geógrafo
Keywords
Paisaje, Islas, Geografía