Maíz parental masculino (Zea mays L.) en semilleros: oportunidades y estrategias para otorgar valor productivo a residuos agrícolas
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El maíz comercial mayoritariamente se cultiva en base a semillas hibridas producidas a partir de polinización cruzada entre dos líneas progenitoras o parentales endogámicas genéticamente distintas. La relación de siembra en las líneas híbridas dependerá en gran parte del equipo a utilizar, donde generalmente las hileras de parentales masculinos van sembradas de 1 a 2 por cada 4 a 8 hileras de parentales femeninos. En este sentido, el material vegetal correspondiente al parental masculino puede alcanzar hasta un 35 % del total de la producción, lo que se traduce en pérdidas, tanto económicas como de recursos alimenticios, ya que este material es eliminado. Ante esto se planteó estudiar alternativas para poder obtener un mayor provecho de estos residuos agrícolas. Los resultados muestran que hay diferentes alternativas como la producción de bioetanol, biocarbón y por último como alternativa en la alimentación animal. El estudio planteó de forma teórica alternativas al uso del maíz parental masculino, sin embargo, es necesario realizar investigación aplicada que contemplen distintas dimensiones y a diferentes escalas para validar las alternativas propuestas.
Commercial corn is mostly grown using hybrid seeds produced from crosspollination between two genetically distinct inbred parental lines. The planting ratio in hybrid lines will largely depend on the equipment used, where generally, the rows of male parents are planted 1 to 2 for every 4 to 8 rows of female parents. In this sense, the plant material corresponding to the male parent can reach up to 35% of the total production, which translates into losses, both economic and of food resources, since this material is eliminated. In view of this, it was proposed to study alternatives to obtain greater use of these agricultural residues. The results show different alternatives, such as the production of bioethanol, biochar, and, finally, as an alternative in animal feed. The study theoretically proposed alternatives to the use of male parental corn. However, it is necessary to carry out applied research that considers different dimensions and at different scales to validate the proposed alternatives.
Commercial corn is mostly grown using hybrid seeds produced from crosspollination between two genetically distinct inbred parental lines. The planting ratio in hybrid lines will largely depend on the equipment used, where generally, the rows of male parents are planted 1 to 2 for every 4 to 8 rows of female parents. In this sense, the plant material corresponding to the male parent can reach up to 35% of the total production, which translates into losses, both economic and of food resources, since this material is eliminated. In view of this, it was proposed to study alternatives to obtain greater use of these agricultural residues. The results show different alternatives, such as the production of bioethanol, biochar, and, finally, as an alternative in animal feed. The study theoretically proposed alternatives to the use of male parental corn. However, it is necessary to carry out applied research that considers different dimensions and at different scales to validate the proposed alternatives.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Maíz - Chile, Alimentación animal, Subproductos como alimento para ganado