Abundancia de órdenes de insectos nocturnos en diferentes ecosistemas de Campus Naturaleza de la Universidad de Concepción.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los insectos son esenciales para la vida en la Tierra. Entre sus características más importantes se encuentran su alta diversidad, su papel como polinizadores, recicladores de nutrientes y controladores de plagas, y su uso como indicadores biológicos. Este estudio compara la abundancia y riqueza de órdenes insectos nocturnos en tres ecosistemas: bosque nativo, plantación comercial de Eucalyptus globulus y humedal dentro de los terrenos del proyecto Campus Naturaleza de la Universidad de Concepción. Los muestreos se realizaron en primavera, otoño y verano, utilizando trampas de luz durante cuatro noches consecutivas. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor abundancia de insectos nocturnos se presentó en primavera y verano, específicamente en los ecosistemas de bosque nativo y plantación. Si bien se observaron diferencias en la composición de algunos órdenes de insectos nocturnos, como Lepidoptera, Diptera e Hymenoptera, entre los distintos tipos de cobertura vegetal, estas no resultaron ser diferencias significativas globales en términos de riqueza o diversidad.
La restauración de plantaciones de Eucalyptus globulus hacia bosques nativos podría favorecer una mayor abundancia de algunos órdenes de insectos, como Hymenoptera y Lepidoptera, debido a la mayor complejidad estructural del hábitat. Sin embargo, las diferencias observadas en este estudio no fueron estadísticamente significativas, por lo que no es posible afirmar con certeza que dicha restauración aumente la abundancia de órdenes de insectos nocturnos. Esta posible tendencia ha sido también sugerida en otras tesis que estudian ensambles de insectos en diferentes ecosistemas.
Insects are essential for life on Earth. Among their most important characteristics are their high diversity and their roles as pollinators, nutrient recyclers, pest controllers, and biological indicators. This study compares the abundance and richness of nocturnal insect orders in three ecosystems: native forest, commercial Eucalyptus globulus plantation, and wetland within the grounds of the Campus Naturaleza project at the University of Concepción. Sampling was conducted in spring, autumn, and summer using light traps over four consecutive nights. The results showed that the highest abundance of nocturnal insects occurred in spring and summer, specifically in the native forest and plantation ecosystems. Although differences were observed in the composition of some nocturnal insect orders, such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera, among the different types of vegetation cover, these differences were not statistically significant in terms of overall richness or diversity. The restoration of Eucalyptus globulus plantations to native forests could potentially favor a higher abundance of certain insect orders, such as Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, due to the greater structural complexity of the habitat. However, the differences observed in this study were not statistically significant, so it cannot be conclusively stated that such restoration increases the abundance of nocturnal insect orders. This possible trend has also been suggested in other theses that study insect assemblages in different ecosystems.
Insects are essential for life on Earth. Among their most important characteristics are their high diversity and their roles as pollinators, nutrient recyclers, pest controllers, and biological indicators. This study compares the abundance and richness of nocturnal insect orders in three ecosystems: native forest, commercial Eucalyptus globulus plantation, and wetland within the grounds of the Campus Naturaleza project at the University of Concepción. Sampling was conducted in spring, autumn, and summer using light traps over four consecutive nights. The results showed that the highest abundance of nocturnal insects occurred in spring and summer, specifically in the native forest and plantation ecosystems. Although differences were observed in the composition of some nocturnal insect orders, such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera, among the different types of vegetation cover, these differences were not statistically significant in terms of overall richness or diversity. The restoration of Eucalyptus globulus plantations to native forests could potentially favor a higher abundance of certain insect orders, such as Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, due to the greater structural complexity of the habitat. However, the differences observed in this study were not statistically significant, so it cannot be conclusively stated that such restoration increases the abundance of nocturnal insect orders. This possible trend has also been suggested in other theses that study insect assemblages in different ecosystems.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Forestal.
Keywords
Insectos Ecología, Indicadores (Biología), Ecosistemas