Relaciones ecológicas temporales entre mamíferos exóticos/invasores y nativos en áreas protegidas de Chile: el papel de las variables antropogénicas.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Este estudio analiza el impacto de mamíferos exóticos/invasores en áreas protegidas de Chile, centrándose en cómo las variables antropogénicas influyen en la solapamiento temporal de actividad entre especies nativas y exóticas. Utilizando cámaras trampa se monitorearon 10 áreas protegidas recopilando 5,189 registros independientes, de los cuales el 50.7% correspondieron a mamíferos exóticos. Los resultados muestran que la presencia de estas especies está fuertemente influenciada por la cercanía a caminos, áreas urbanas y otras infraestructuras humanas que terminan por incrementar la probabilidad de interacción con la fauna nativa.
Se emplearon modelos estadísticos para evaluar el solapamiento en los patrones de actividad diaria entre mamíferos exóticos y nativos, identificándose un mayor solapamiento temporal en zonas con alta intervención humana. Esto representa una amenaza significativa para las especies nativas debido a una potencial competencia por recursos, depredación y transmisión de enfermedades.
El estudio concluye que la gestión de áreas protegidas debe considerar no solo la conservación de hábitats naturales, sino también la implementación de medidas que reduzcan la presencia de especies exóticas/invasoras en regiones con alto grado de intensificación antrópica. Estrategias como el establecimiento de barreras físicas, control de acceso y restauración de hábitats degradados podrían ser efectivas para minimizar los impactos negativos de los mamíferos exóticos/invasores. Además, se enfatiza la importancia del monitoreo continuo para ajustar las políticas de manejo y conservación de manera adaptativa. Estos hallazgos aportan a la comprensión del papel de las actividades humanas en la dinámica de las especies en áreas protegidas y sugieren acciones para mitigar sus efectos adversos.
This study examines the impact of exotic/invasive mammals in protected areas of Chile, focusing on how anthropogenic variables influence the temporal overlap of activity between native and exotic species. Using camera traps, 10 protected areas collecting 5,189 independent records, of which 50.7% corresponded to exotic mammals such as dogs, cats, cattle, and horses. The results show that the presence of these species is strongly influenced by proximity to roads, urban areas, and other human infrastructure, which increases the likelihood of interaction with native wildlife. Statistical models were used to assess the overlap in daily activity patterns between exotic and native mammals, identifying greater overlap in areas with high human intervention. This poses a significant threat to native species due to potential resources competition, predation and disease transmission. The study concludes that the management of protected areas should not only focus on the conservation of natural habitats but also implement measures to reduce the presence of exotic/invasive species in regions with high anthropogenic intensity. Strategies such as establishing physical barriers, controlling access, and restoring degraded habitats could be effective in minimizing the negative impacts of exotic/invasive mammals. Additionally, the importance of continuous monitoring is emphasized to adapt management and conservation policies in a timely manner. These findings contribute to understanding the role of human activities in species dynamics within protected areas and suggest actions to mitigate their adverse effects.
This study examines the impact of exotic/invasive mammals in protected areas of Chile, focusing on how anthropogenic variables influence the temporal overlap of activity between native and exotic species. Using camera traps, 10 protected areas collecting 5,189 independent records, of which 50.7% corresponded to exotic mammals such as dogs, cats, cattle, and horses. The results show that the presence of these species is strongly influenced by proximity to roads, urban areas, and other human infrastructure, which increases the likelihood of interaction with native wildlife. Statistical models were used to assess the overlap in daily activity patterns between exotic and native mammals, identifying greater overlap in areas with high human intervention. This poses a significant threat to native species due to potential resources competition, predation and disease transmission. The study concludes that the management of protected areas should not only focus on the conservation of natural habitats but also implement measures to reduce the presence of exotic/invasive species in regions with high anthropogenic intensity. Strategies such as establishing physical barriers, controlling access, and restoring degraded habitats could be effective in minimizing the negative impacts of exotic/invasive mammals. Additionally, the importance of continuous monitoring is emphasized to adapt management and conservation policies in a timely manner. These findings contribute to understanding the role of human activities in species dynamics within protected areas and suggest actions to mitigate their adverse effects.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Forestales.
Keywords
Mamíferos, Áreas protegidas Chile, Habitat (Ecología)