Comparación de costos de construcción de edificio de mediana altura de hormigón versus madera contralaminada.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En el estudio se realizó la comparación de los costos de construcción de obra gruesa de un edificio de mediana altura que utilizó hormigón armado frente a uno pensado en madera contralaminada (CLT). El aumento de los costos de construcción y quiebres en las cadenas de suministros posteriormente a la pandemia generó incertidumbre en la viabilidad económica de muchos proyectos, lo que estimuló la necesidad de buscar alternativas más económicas. Bajo este escenario, se planteó el uso de CLT como reemplazo del hormigón armado en edificaciones de mediana altura.
Se plantearon las siguientes preguntas de investigación: si el CLT es una alternativa viable para reducir los costos de construcción y cuál es el impacto en los costos y tiempos de construcción al emplear CLT en comparación con los edificios tradicionales de hormigón armado. La hipótesis sugería que el uso de CLT en la etapa de obra gruesa incrementaría los costos en un 25%, pero reduciría los tiempos de construcción en un 40%, en comparación con las construcciones de hormigón armado.
El objetivo general fue comparar los costos de construcción de obra gruesa en un edificio de mediana altura en La Serena utilizando hormigón y madera contralaminada, evaluando los factores económicos y los tiempos de ejecución. Los objetivos específicos incluyeron: La realización de la homologación del edificio base de hormigón armado en software Cadwork, determinar los costos asociados a materiales, maquinarias y mano de obra en ambos métodos, y evaluar las diferencias en los tiempos de construcción y su impacto en el costo total del proyecto.
La metodología empleada fue cuantitativa y exploratoria, con un análisis de las variables independientes (método de construcción) y dependientes (costos y tiempos). Se utilizó datos específicos de un proyecto actual en La Serena para realizar la comparación. Se esperaba identificar si el CLT resultaba una alternativa rentable y eficiente en términos de costos y tiempos de construcción, lo que podría influir en la viabilidad económica de futuros proyectos de mediana altura en la zona norte.
The study compared the construction costs of the structural work of a mid-rise building that used reinforced concrete versus one designed with cross-laminated timber (CLT). The increase in construction costs and breaks in supply chains following the pandemic generated uncertainty in the economic viability of many projects, which stimulated the need to seek cheaper alternatives. Under this scenario, the use of CLT as a replacement for reinforced concrete in mid-rise buildings was proposed. The following research questions were raised: whether CLT is a viable alternative to reduce construction costs and what is the impact on construction costs and times when using CLT compared to traditional reinforced concrete buildings. The hypothesis suggested that the use of CLT in the structural work stage would increase costs by 25%, but reduce construction times by 40%, compared to reinforced concrete constructions. The general objective was to compare the construction costs of structural work in a mid-rise building in La Serena using concrete and cross-laminated timber, evaluating the economic factors and execution times. The specific objectives included: Completing the homologation of the reinforced concrete base building in Cadwork software, determining the costs associated with materials, machinery and labor in both methods, and evaluating the differences in construction times and their impact on the total cost of the project. The methodology used was quantitative and exploratory, with an analysis of the independent variables (construction method) and dependent variables (costs and times). Specific data from a current project in La Serena was used to make the comparison. It was expected to identify whether CLT was a cost-effective and efficient alternative in terms of costs and construction times, which could influence the economic viability of future mid rise projects in the northern area.
The study compared the construction costs of the structural work of a mid-rise building that used reinforced concrete versus one designed with cross-laminated timber (CLT). The increase in construction costs and breaks in supply chains following the pandemic generated uncertainty in the economic viability of many projects, which stimulated the need to seek cheaper alternatives. Under this scenario, the use of CLT as a replacement for reinforced concrete in mid-rise buildings was proposed. The following research questions were raised: whether CLT is a viable alternative to reduce construction costs and what is the impact on construction costs and times when using CLT compared to traditional reinforced concrete buildings. The hypothesis suggested that the use of CLT in the structural work stage would increase costs by 25%, but reduce construction times by 40%, compared to reinforced concrete constructions. The general objective was to compare the construction costs of structural work in a mid-rise building in La Serena using concrete and cross-laminated timber, evaluating the economic factors and execution times. The specific objectives included: Completing the homologation of the reinforced concrete base building in Cadwork software, determining the costs associated with materials, machinery and labor in both methods, and evaluating the differences in construction times and their impact on the total cost of the project. The methodology used was quantitative and exploratory, with an analysis of the independent variables (construction method) and dependent variables (costs and times). Specific data from a current project in La Serena was used to make the comparison. It was expected to identify whether CLT was a cost-effective and efficient alternative in terms of costs and construction times, which could influence the economic viability of future mid rise projects in the northern area.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Construcción Industrializada en Madera
Keywords
Construcción industrializada, Materiales de construcción, Hormigón armado, Madera