Variabilidad de la densidad básica en el crecimiento de la madera de pinus radiata creciendo en suelos trumaos y arenales.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Esta investigación analizó la variabilidad de la densidad básica (DB) en madera de Pinus radiata, creciendo en suelos trumaos y arenosos, en plantaciones ubicadas en las regiones del Biobío y Ñuble. Se utilizaron 15 árboles provenientes de 10 sectores diferentes, con edades entre 20 y 23 años. A cada uno se le extrajo un tarugo a la altura del DAP (1,30 m), el cual fue segmentado en madera juvenil (anillos 1–7), transición (8–13) y madura (14 en adelante). La densidad básica se determinó mediante el método del máximo tenor de humedad y el principio de Arquímedes, permitiendo estimar el volumen por desplazamiento de agua. Los resultados mostraron una tendencia creciente de densidad básica con la edad del árbol, y una influencia significativa del tipo de suelo. La densidad básica totales más altas se observaron en suelos trumaos: Ramadilla (455 kg/m³) y Santa Teresa (448 kg/m³). En contraste, los valores más bajos se encontraron en suelos arenosos: Misque (377 kg/cm³) y La Reforma (381 kg/m³). La madera madura alcanzó densidades entre 420 y 455 kg/m³, mientras que la madera juvenil mostró valores entre 315 y 365 kg/m³. Se observó una correlación negativa entre densidad y crecimiento radial (ancho de anillos), con coeficientes R² entre 0,45 y 0,68. Se concluye que el tipo de suelo influye considerablemente en la DB de la madera, siendo los trumaos más favorables para producir madera de mayor calidad tecnológica.
This study analyzed the variability of basic density (BD) in Pinus radiata wood growing on sandy soils in plantations located in the Biobío and Ñuble regions. Fifteen trees from 10 different areas, ranging in age from 20 to 23 years, were used. A dowel was removed from each tree at the DBH height (1.30 m), which was segmented into juvenile wood (rings 1–7), transition wood (rings 8–13), and mature wood (rings 14 and above). Basic density was determined using the maximum moisture content method and Archimedes' principle, allowing for estimating the volume of water displaced. The results showed an increasing trend in basic density with tree age, and a significant influence of soil type. The highest total basic densities were observed on swollen soils: Ramadilla (455 kg/m³) and Santa Teresa (448 kg/m³). In contrast, the lowest values were found in sandy soils: Misque (377 kg/cm³) and La Reforma (381 kg/m³). Mature wood reached densities between 420 and 455 kg/m³, while juvenile wood showed values between 315 and 365 kg/m³. A negative correlation was observed between density and radial growth (ring width), with R² coefficients between 0.45 and 0.68. It is concluded that soil type significantly influences wood BD, with trumaos being more favorable for producing higher technological quality wood.
This study analyzed the variability of basic density (BD) in Pinus radiata wood growing on sandy soils in plantations located in the Biobío and Ñuble regions. Fifteen trees from 10 different areas, ranging in age from 20 to 23 years, were used. A dowel was removed from each tree at the DBH height (1.30 m), which was segmented into juvenile wood (rings 1–7), transition wood (rings 8–13), and mature wood (rings 14 and above). Basic density was determined using the maximum moisture content method and Archimedes' principle, allowing for estimating the volume of water displaced. The results showed an increasing trend in basic density with tree age, and a significant influence of soil type. The highest total basic densities were observed on swollen soils: Ramadilla (455 kg/m³) and Santa Teresa (448 kg/m³). In contrast, the lowest values were found in sandy soils: Misque (377 kg/cm³) and La Reforma (381 kg/m³). Mature wood reached densities between 420 and 455 kg/m³, while juvenile wood showed values between 315 and 365 kg/m³. A negative correlation was observed between density and radial growth (ring width), with R² coefficients between 0.45 and 0.68. It is concluded that soil type significantly influences wood BD, with trumaos being more favorable for producing higher technological quality wood.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Forestal.
Keywords
Pino insigne Crecimiento, Densidad de cultivo, Suelos