Comportamiento de la distribuición productiva de los principales cereales consumidos en Chile (trigo, maíz y arroz) entre 1980 y 2020.
Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los cereales son la principal fuente de energía de la dieta en prácticamente todas las poblaciones del mundo. Los tres cereales más consumidos en Chile y a nivel mundial son el trigo, el maíz y el arroz. Pese a su importancia, al estudiar el comportamiento en la producción y en la distribución superficial de estos cereales en Chile durante las cuatro décadas entre los años 1980 a 2020, se pudo observar que tanto la superficie total de cultivos anuales, como la superficie del trigo, maíz y arroz se han visto disminuidas casi a la mitad, al mismo tiempo que han tenido un desplazamiento de norte a sur del país. Aunque podrían ser muchos factores influyentes en la disminución de la superficie cerealera en Chile, a partir de la bibliografía consultada, fueron revisadas las cuatro principales hipótesis que lo explicarían: la creación del Decreto Ley N°701 en 1974, la expansión del radio urbano, la influencia del cambio climático y el cambio de uso de suelo hacia el rubro frutícola. Dada la disminución en la superficie y producción de cereales en Chile, se ha observado que, para cubrir la demanda interna, ha habido un aumento progresivo en las importaciones, que cada vez representan una mayor proporción de la demanda, dejando como materia de debate o reflexión la posición de Chile respecto a la seguridad alimentaria, ya que actualmente depende en gran medida al abastecimiento extranjero de alimentos básicos, como son los cereales.
Cereals are the main source of dietary energy in practically all populations in the world. The three most consumed cereals in Chile and worldwide are wheat, corn, and rice. Despite its importance, when studying the behavior in the production and surface distribution of these cereals in Chile during the four decades between 1980 and 2020, it was observed that both the total area of annual crops and the area of 2 wheat, corn and rice have been reduced by almost half, while at the same time they have moved from the north to the south of the country. Although there could be many influential factors in the decrease of the cereal area in Chile, based on the bibliography consulted, the four main hypotheses that would explain it were reviewed: the creation of Decree Law No. 701 in 1974, the expansion of the urban radius, the influence of climate change and the change in land use towards the fruit sector. Given the decrease in the area and production of cereals in Chile, it has been observed that, to cover domestic demand, there has been a progressive increase in imports, which increasingly represent a greater proportion of demand, leaving as matter of debate or reflection Chile's position regarding food security, since it currently depends largely on foreign supplies of basic foods, such as cereals.
Cereals are the main source of dietary energy in practically all populations in the world. The three most consumed cereals in Chile and worldwide are wheat, corn, and rice. Despite its importance, when studying the behavior in the production and surface distribution of these cereals in Chile during the four decades between 1980 and 2020, it was observed that both the total area of annual crops and the area of 2 wheat, corn and rice have been reduced by almost half, while at the same time they have moved from the north to the south of the country. Although there could be many influential factors in the decrease of the cereal area in Chile, based on the bibliography consulted, the four main hypotheses that would explain it were reviewed: the creation of Decree Law No. 701 in 1974, the expansion of the urban radius, the influence of climate change and the change in land use towards the fruit sector. Given the decrease in the area and production of cereals in Chile, it has been observed that, to cover domestic demand, there has been a progressive increase in imports, which increasingly represent a greater proportion of demand, leaving as matter of debate or reflection Chile's position regarding food security, since it currently depends largely on foreign supplies of basic foods, such as cereals.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al Título de Ingeniera Agrónoma
Keywords
Cereales, Trigo, Maíz, Arroz