Colonización endofítica de Beauveria, Metarhizium y Trichoderma en frutilla y su potencial para el control de Fusarium Oxysporum
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2026
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El cultivo de frutilla (Fragaria × ananassa) en Chile enfrenta problemas fitosanitarios, causados por microorganismos patógenos del suelo que afectan las raíces y el cuello de las plantas, reduciendo la absorción de agua y nutrientes. Entre los hongos más frecuentes destacan Phytophthora, Fusarium, Verticillium, y Rhizoctonia, que generan importantes pérdidas económicas. El control convencional se basa en agroquímicos, lo que impulsa buscar alternativas sostenibles. Se evaluó el uso de hongos endófitos como agentes de biocontrol en plantas de frutilla cv. Albión contra Fusarium oxysporum, mediante la aplicación de cepas de Beauveria peruviensis, Metarhizium brunneum y Trichoderma spp. De nueve cepas estudiadas, un 55 % logró colonizar endofíticamente las plantas. B. peruviensis RGM 547 y 570 presentó la mayor colonización, mientras que M. brunneum RGM 447 y 3264 obtuvo resultados intermedios y Trichoderma inhamatum JFD1 6C1 la menor colonización. Sin embargo, Trichoderma RGM 3476 destacó por su capacidad de inhibir Fusarium en ensayos in vitro, mientras que en condiciones in vivo las cepas RGM 3476 y RGM 547 lograron reducir significativamente la severidad de la enfermedad. Los resultados indican que las cepas RGM 547, RGM 570 y RGM 3476 son prometedoras para incorporarse en un manejo integrado y sostenible del cultivo.
The cultivation of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) in Chile faces phytosanitary problems caused by soil-pathogenic microorganisms that affect the root and neck of the plants, reducing water and nutrient absorption. Among the most common fungi that cause significant economic losses are Phytophthora, Fusarium, Verticillium, and Rhizoctonia. Conventional control methods rely heavily on agrochemicals, so there is a clear need for sustainable alternatives. The use of endophytic fungi against Fusarium oxysporum in strawberry plants cv. Albion was evaluated by inoculating strains of Beauveria peruviensis, Metarhizium brunneum, and Trichoderma spp. Of the nine strains studied, 55 % were able to colonize the plants endophytically. Beauveria peruviensis RGM 547 and 570 showed the highest colonization rates, whereas Metarhizium brunneum RGM 447 and 3264 produced intermediate results, and Trichoderma inhamatum JFD1 6C1 showed the lowest colonization percentage. However, Trichoderma RGM 3476 stood out for its ability to inhibit Fusarium in vitro. In vivo, strains RGM 3476 and RGM 547 significantly reduced disease severity. These results suggest that the RGM 547, RGM 570, and RGM 3476 strains are promising candidates for inclusion in sustainable and integrated crop management programs.
The cultivation of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) in Chile faces phytosanitary problems caused by soil-pathogenic microorganisms that affect the root and neck of the plants, reducing water and nutrient absorption. Among the most common fungi that cause significant economic losses are Phytophthora, Fusarium, Verticillium, and Rhizoctonia. Conventional control methods rely heavily on agrochemicals, so there is a clear need for sustainable alternatives. The use of endophytic fungi against Fusarium oxysporum in strawberry plants cv. Albion was evaluated by inoculating strains of Beauveria peruviensis, Metarhizium brunneum, and Trichoderma spp. Of the nine strains studied, 55 % were able to colonize the plants endophytically. Beauveria peruviensis RGM 547 and 570 showed the highest colonization rates, whereas Metarhizium brunneum RGM 447 and 3264 produced intermediate results, and Trichoderma inhamatum JFD1 6C1 showed the lowest colonization percentage. However, Trichoderma RGM 3476 stood out for its ability to inhibit Fusarium in vitro. In vivo, strains RGM 3476 and RGM 547 significantly reduced disease severity. These results suggest that the RGM 547, RGM 570, and RGM 3476 strains are promising candidates for inclusion in sustainable and integrated crop management programs.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Endófitos, Biocontrol, Frutillas Chile