Estudio técnico y de mercado para la producción de hongos comestibles en la región de Ñuble
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La alimentación es uno de los múltiples usos de los hongos. En los últimos años, su consumo ha crecido debido a cambios en las tendencias de los consumidores, quienes buscan alimentos más nutritivos, beneficiosos para la salud y sostenibles en su producción. Los hongos comestibles cumplen con estas características. A nivel mundial, la producción de hongos ha experimentado un aumento constante en la última década, alcanzando más de 48 millones de toneladas en 2022, con un valor estimado de 50,000 millones de dólares. En Chile, la participación en el comercio exterior es baja, con una disminución de las exportaciones y un aumento inconsistente de las importaciones en los últimos diez años. En la Región de Ñuble, hay una acotada variedad de hongos comestibles disponibles, aunque predomina la preferencia por los hongos frescos de la especie Agaricus bisporus (champiñón). La producción de este hongo requiere diversos insumos agrícolas y estructuras que permitan controlar las condiciones climáticas durante las diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Existe una viabilidad técnica y de mercado para la producción de hongos en la Región de Ñuble, para desarrollarse en el mercado nacional, pero debe ajustarse a la demanda y las necesidades de los consumidores.
Food is one of the various uses of mushrooms. In recent years, their consumption has increased due to changes and new trends among consumers who seek more nutritious, health-beneficial, and sustainably produced foods, aspects that edible mushrooms fulfill. Global mushroom production has steadily risen over the past 10 years, producing over 48 million tons in 2022, with an estimated value of $50 billion. Poland, Canada, and the Netherlands are the main exporters of fresh mushrooms, while the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany are the primary import destinations. Chile has a low participation in foreign trade, decreasing its exports and inconsistently increasing its imports over the last 10 years. In the Ñuble Region, various offerings of edible mushrooms are available, but there is a strong preference for fresh mushrooms of the Agaricus bisporus species (button mushroom). To produce this mushroom, inputs such as compost made from agricultural waste are required, which the region has, but it also needs infrastructure to control climatic conditions during the different stages of mushroom development. There is technical and market viability for mushroom production in the Ñuble Region to develop in the national market, but it needs to be adjusted based on consumer demand and requirements.
Food is one of the various uses of mushrooms. In recent years, their consumption has increased due to changes and new trends among consumers who seek more nutritious, health-beneficial, and sustainably produced foods, aspects that edible mushrooms fulfill. Global mushroom production has steadily risen over the past 10 years, producing over 48 million tons in 2022, with an estimated value of $50 billion. Poland, Canada, and the Netherlands are the main exporters of fresh mushrooms, while the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany are the primary import destinations. Chile has a low participation in foreign trade, decreasing its exports and inconsistently increasing its imports over the last 10 years. In the Ñuble Region, various offerings of edible mushrooms are available, but there is a strong preference for fresh mushrooms of the Agaricus bisporus species (button mushroom). To produce this mushroom, inputs such as compost made from agricultural waste are required, which the region has, but it also needs infrastructure to control climatic conditions during the different stages of mushroom development. There is technical and market viability for mushroom production in the Ñuble Region to develop in the national market, but it needs to be adjusted based on consumer demand and requirements.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrícola
Keywords
Hongos comestibles - Chile, Mercado, Producción alimentaria