Análisis de la percepción de funcionarios de la Universidad de Concepción, Campus Concepción, respecto al manejo de residuos de medicamentos caducados y en desuso de origen domiciliario.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Según la normativa chilena, los medicamentos están clasificados dentro del grupo de residuos peligrosos, por lo tanto, cuando un medicamento vence o está en desuso, se debe desechar de una manera que no genere impactos negativos en la salud de la población y del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, varios estudios a nivel mundial señalan que debido al aumento del consumo de medicamentos y las malas prácticas de eliminación en el hogar, se han detectado concentraciones de este tipo de residuos en diferentes compartimentos ambientales, especialmente en el medio acuático, lo que genera contaminación y perjudica a los organismos receptores.
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la percepción de funcionarios de la Universidad de Concepción, Campus Concepción, respecto al Manejo de Residuos de Medicamentos Caducados Domiciliario (RMCD) y en desuso. La metodología utilizada se basó principalmente en la revisión bibliográfica de las mejores prácticas de manejo a nivel internacional, además se desarrolló y aplicó una encuesta para la determinación de la percepción. Este instrumento fue aplicado en línea y se envió a 1.062 funcionarios, tanto académicos como administrativos y auxiliares de 6 facultades. De este Universo se recibió respuesta de 221 funcionarios de los 290 que se requerían para obtener una muestra representativa con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un margen de error del 5%, por lo que los resultados solamente representan a los funcionarios encuestados. Además, teniendo en cuenta la realidad local y las buenas prácticas de manejo, sumado a los resultados de percepción, se elaboraron lineamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo, con la finalidad de que exista un adecuado manejo de los RMCD.
Los resultados evidenciaron una mala percepción acerca de las prácticas de eliminación, ya que más del 70% de los encuestados elimina sus residuos de manera inadecuada junto a la basura domiciliaria y además desconocen las campañas de recolección que ha realizado la facultad de farmacia de la Universidad de Concepción. Sin embargo, existe una buena percepción acerca de contar con puntos de acopio permanentes, ya que más de un 90% señala que sería de gran utilidad y a más del 80% le gustaría recibir información al respecto.
De acuerdo con los resultados, se concluye que es necesario incorporar a los medicamentos como productos prioritarios en la Ley REP 20.920 de Chile. Además, es necesario que las campañas existentes de recolección cuenten con mayor duración y difusión, para lograr una alta participación de la comunidad y así disminuir el impacto negativo tanto ambiental como en la salud pública.
According to Chilean regulations, medicines are classified as hazardous waste; therefore, when a medicine expires or is no longer in use, it must be disposed of in a manner that does not generate negative impacts on the health of the population and the environment. However, several studies worldwide indicate that due to the increase in the consumption of medicines and poor disposal practices in the home, concentrations of this type of waste have been detected in different environmental compartments, especially in the aquatic environment, which generates contamination and harms receptor organisms. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of employees of the Universidad de Concepción, Concepción Campus, with respect to the management of waste of expired medicines at home (RMCD) and in disuse. The methodology used was based mainly on the bibliographic review of the best management practices at international level, and a survey was developed and applied to determine the perception. This instrument was applied online and was sent to 1,062 academic, administrative and auxiliary personnel from 6 faculties. Of this universe, 221 officials responded out of the 290 required to obtain a representative sample with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, so the results only represent the officials surveyed. In addition, taking into account the local reality and good management practices, together with the results of the perception, short-, medium- and long-term guidelines were developed to ensure proper management of CDMR. The results showed a poor perception of disposal practices, since more than 70% of those surveyed dispose of their waste improperly with household garbage and are unaware of the collection campaigns carried out by the pharmacy faculty of the Universidad de Concepción. However, there is a good perception about having permanent collection points, since more than 90% say that it would be very useful and more than 80% would like to receive information about them. According to the results, it is concluded that it is necessary to incorporate medicines as priority products in Chile's REP Law 20.920. In addition, it is necessary that the existing collection campaigns have a longer duration and greater dissemination, to achieve a high participation of the community and thus reduce the negative environmental and public health impact.
According to Chilean regulations, medicines are classified as hazardous waste; therefore, when a medicine expires or is no longer in use, it must be disposed of in a manner that does not generate negative impacts on the health of the population and the environment. However, several studies worldwide indicate that due to the increase in the consumption of medicines and poor disposal practices in the home, concentrations of this type of waste have been detected in different environmental compartments, especially in the aquatic environment, which generates contamination and harms receptor organisms. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of employees of the Universidad de Concepción, Concepción Campus, with respect to the management of waste of expired medicines at home (RMCD) and in disuse. The methodology used was based mainly on the bibliographic review of the best management practices at international level, and a survey was developed and applied to determine the perception. This instrument was applied online and was sent to 1,062 academic, administrative and auxiliary personnel from 6 faculties. Of this universe, 221 officials responded out of the 290 required to obtain a representative sample with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, so the results only represent the officials surveyed. In addition, taking into account the local reality and good management practices, together with the results of the perception, short-, medium- and long-term guidelines were developed to ensure proper management of CDMR. The results showed a poor perception of disposal practices, since more than 70% of those surveyed dispose of their waste improperly with household garbage and are unaware of the collection campaigns carried out by the pharmacy faculty of the Universidad de Concepción. However, there is a good perception about having permanent collection points, since more than 90% say that it would be very useful and more than 80% would like to receive information about them. According to the results, it is concluded that it is necessary to incorporate medicines as priority products in Chile's REP Law 20.920. In addition, it is necessary that the existing collection campaigns have a longer duration and greater dissemination, to achieve a high participation of the community and thus reduce the negative environmental and public health impact.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Residuos Eliminación, Medicamentos, Contaminación Aspectos ambientales