Efecto de la aplicación de podas intensivas, reguladores de crecimiento vegetal y fertilización en la productividad de plantas madre de quillay (Quillaja saponaria).
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Quillaja saponaria es un árbol endémico de Chile con gran importancia económica y ecológica, debido a su alto contenido de saponinas y su adaptabilidad a ambientes áridos. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la intensidad de poda, el uso de reguladores de crecimiento vegetal (AIB y BAP) y la fertilización en la producción de estacas enraizables en plantas madre. Se diseñó un experimento en bloques completos al azar, utilizando 180 plantas, de una temporada, sometidas a distintos tratamientos. Los análisis estadísticos (ANOVA y prueba de Tukey) indicaron que la poda y la fertilización tuvieron efectos significativos en la producción de estacas. La poda al 20% generó la mayor cantidad de estacas, mientras que podas intensivas (60%-80%) redujeron significativamente su producción. Aunque la fertilización mostró un efecto estadísticamente significativo, las plantas sin fertilización produjeron más estacas. Esto podría explicarse por una respuesta adaptativa a la menor disponibilidad de nutrientes, favoreciendo la propagación vegetativa. Además, la fertilización puede haber promovido un mayor crecimiento general de la planta, desviando recursos que, en ausencia de fertilización, habrían sido destinados a la producción de estacas. En contraste, los reguladores de crecimiento no presentaron efectos relevantes en este estudio. Estos resultados sugieren que una poda moderada es clave para optimizar la propagación vegetativa de Q. saponaria, mientras que el impacto de la fertilización y los reguladores de crecimiento merece ser investigado en mayor profundidad.
Quillaja saponaria is an endemic tree species of Chile with significant economic and ecological importance due to its high saponin content and adaptability to arid environments. This study evaluated the effect of pruning intensity, the use of plant growth regulators (IBA and BAP), and fertilization on the production of rootable cuttings in mother plants. A randomized complete block experiment was designed, using 180 one-season plants subjected to different treatments. Statistical analyses (ANOVA and Tukey test) indicated that pruning and fertilization had significant effects on cutting production. Pruning at 20% generated the highest number of cuttings, while intensive pruning (60%-80%) significantly reduced production. Although fertilization showed a statistically significant effect, unfertilized plants produced more cuttings. This could be explained by an adaptive response to lower nutrient availability, favoring vegetative propagation. Additionally, fertilization may have promoted greater overall plant growth, diverting resources that, in the absence of fertilization, would have been allocated to cutting production. In contrast, plant growth regulators had no relevant effects in this study. These results suggest that moderate pruning is key to optimizing the vegetative propagation of Q. saponaria, while the impact of fertilization and growth regulators warrants further investigation.
Quillaja saponaria is an endemic tree species of Chile with significant economic and ecological importance due to its high saponin content and adaptability to arid environments. This study evaluated the effect of pruning intensity, the use of plant growth regulators (IBA and BAP), and fertilization on the production of rootable cuttings in mother plants. A randomized complete block experiment was designed, using 180 one-season plants subjected to different treatments. Statistical analyses (ANOVA and Tukey test) indicated that pruning and fertilization had significant effects on cutting production. Pruning at 20% generated the highest number of cuttings, while intensive pruning (60%-80%) significantly reduced production. Although fertilization showed a statistically significant effect, unfertilized plants produced more cuttings. This could be explained by an adaptive response to lower nutrient availability, favoring vegetative propagation. Additionally, fertilization may have promoted greater overall plant growth, diverting resources that, in the absence of fertilization, would have been allocated to cutting production. In contrast, plant growth regulators had no relevant effects in this study. These results suggest that moderate pruning is key to optimizing the vegetative propagation of Q. saponaria, while the impact of fertilization and growth regulators warrants further investigation.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Forestal
Keywords
Quillay, Fisiología vegetal, Poda