Cianobacterias: importancia agrícola y ecológica
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Date
2026
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las cianobacterias, son microorganismos fotosintéticos de importancia ecológica y agrícola. Estas han contribuido a la oxigenación de la atmósfera, al establecimiento de ciclos biogeoquímicos y al origen de los cloroplastos, siendo esenciales en la evolución de la vida. La demanda por estrategias de manejo agrícola inocuas para el medio ambiente ha llevado a que el uso de microorganismos y dentro de estos, las cianobacterias, se consideren como una alternativa a los productos sintéticos. En esta monografía se investigaron los géneros de cianobacterias más significativos, abordando su importancia agrícola y ecológica a fin de reconocer su rol e impacto en el medioambiente, así como también identificando la amplia variedad anatómica y morfológica de las especies incluyendo sus características principales, modos de acción y aplicaciones agronómicas. Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Anabaena y Arthrospira, son los principales géneros con impacto y relevancia, presentando características como cianotoxicidad, producción de moléculas para la tolerancia de las plantas al estrés abiótico; la síntesis de hormonas como auxinas y giberelinas para la promoción del crecimiento vegetal y el aumento de la disponibilidad de nutrientes. Se requiere de más evidencia que permita evaluar potenciales usos para lograr emplearlas en estrategias de manejo de cultivos agrícolas.
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms with ecological and agricultural importance. They have contributed to the oxygenation of the atmosphere, the establishment of biogeochemical cycles, and the origin of chloroplasts, being essential in the evolution of life. The demand for environmentally friendly agricultural management strategies has led to the use of microorganisms, and specifically cyanobacteria, being increasingly considered as an alternative to synthetic products. In this review, the most significant cyanobacterial genera were investigated, addressing their agricultural and ecological importance to recognize their role and impact on the environment, as well as identifying the wide anatomical and morphological variety of the species, including their main characteristics, modes of action, and agronomic applications. Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Anabaena and Arthrospira are the main genera with impact and relevance, exhibiting characteristics such as cyanotoxicity, production of molecules that allow plants to tolerate abiotic stress; the synthesis of auxin and gibberellin hormones for plant growth promotion, and the increase in nutrient availability. More evidence is required to evaluate potential uses in agricultural crop management strategies.
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms with ecological and agricultural importance. They have contributed to the oxygenation of the atmosphere, the establishment of biogeochemical cycles, and the origin of chloroplasts, being essential in the evolution of life. The demand for environmentally friendly agricultural management strategies has led to the use of microorganisms, and specifically cyanobacteria, being increasingly considered as an alternative to synthetic products. In this review, the most significant cyanobacterial genera were investigated, addressing their agricultural and ecological importance to recognize their role and impact on the environment, as well as identifying the wide anatomical and morphological variety of the species, including their main characteristics, modes of action, and agronomic applications. Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Anabaena and Arthrospira are the main genera with impact and relevance, exhibiting characteristics such as cyanotoxicity, production of molecules that allow plants to tolerate abiotic stress; the synthesis of auxin and gibberellin hormones for plant growth promotion, and the increase in nutrient availability. More evidence is required to evaluate potential uses in agricultural crop management strategies.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Microalgas, Biofertilizantes, Cianobacterias