Comparación de la diversidad de briófitas en bosques nativos y plantaciones forestales presentes en campus naturaleza de la Universidad de Concepción.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Tradicionalmente, los estudios de impacto ambiental se han centrado en plantas leñosas, pero se ha subestimado el papel de las plantas briófitas o también conocidas como no vasculares. Éstas, con su capacidad para colonizar suelos degradados, retener agua y proporcionar hábitats para invertebrados y otras criptógamas, regulan los ciclos de nutrientes. Además, su sensibilidad a la contaminación las convierte en indicadores clave de calidad ambiental, con un impacto significativo en la biodiversidad y la salud de los ecosistemas. Este estudio determinó y comparó la riqueza y abundancia relativa acumulada de las briófitas cortícolas en un bosque nativo y plantaciones forestales en el Campus Naturaleza de la Universidad de Concepción. Se emplearon seis parcelas representativas divididas en 36 microparcelas de 100 cm², establecidas en ecosistemas con dominio de las especies Aextoxicon punctatum, Nothofagus obliqua, Eucalyptus globulus y Pinus radiata. Los resultados revelaron un contraste en cuanto a diversidad y abundancia de briófitas epífito-cortícolas existente en bosque nativo en comparación con las plantaciones forestales, más aún entre las parcelas de plantación de Pinus radiata y Eucalyptus globulus, en donde hubo ausencia total de briófitos en este último. Con un total de 12 taxas se identificaron cuatro especies nativas, dos de ellas endémicas y ocho cosmopolitas, revelando que los bosques nativos presentan mayor diversidad de briófitas cortícolas en comparación con los cultivos forestales. Esto destaca la relevancia de considerar el estudio de briófitas al evaluar el impacto de cambios de uso de suelo en climas mediterráneos sujetos a la fragmentación de hábitat.
Traditionally, environmental impact studies have focused on woody plants, but the role of bryophytes, also known as non-vascular plants, has been underestimated. These plants, with their ability to colonize degraded soils, retain water, and provide habitats for invertebrates and other cryptogams, regulate nutrient cycles. Additionally, their sensitivity to pollution makes them key indicators of environmental quality, with a significant impact on biodiversity and ecosystem health. This study determined and compared the richness and relative abundance of corticolous bryophytes in a native forest and forest plantations at Campus Naturaleza of Universidad de Concepción. Six representative plots divided into 36 100 cm² microplots were established in ecosystems dominated by the species Aextoxicon punctatum, Nothofagus obliqua, Eucalyptus globulus, and Pinus radiata. The results revealed a contrast in the diversity and abundance of epiphytic-corticolous bryophytes between native forests and forest plantations, especially between Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus plantations, where there was a total absence of bryophytes in the latter. With a total of 12 taxa, four native species were identified, two of which were endemic and eight cosmopolitan, revealing that native forests have greater diversity of corticolous bryophytes compared to forest plantations. This highlights the relevance of considering bryophyte studies when evaluating the impact of land use changes in Mediterranean climates subject to habitat fragmentation.
Traditionally, environmental impact studies have focused on woody plants, but the role of bryophytes, also known as non-vascular plants, has been underestimated. These plants, with their ability to colonize degraded soils, retain water, and provide habitats for invertebrates and other cryptogams, regulate nutrient cycles. Additionally, their sensitivity to pollution makes them key indicators of environmental quality, with a significant impact on biodiversity and ecosystem health. This study determined and compared the richness and relative abundance of corticolous bryophytes in a native forest and forest plantations at Campus Naturaleza of Universidad de Concepción. Six representative plots divided into 36 100 cm² microplots were established in ecosystems dominated by the species Aextoxicon punctatum, Nothofagus obliqua, Eucalyptus globulus, and Pinus radiata. The results revealed a contrast in the diversity and abundance of epiphytic-corticolous bryophytes between native forests and forest plantations, especially between Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus plantations, where there was a total absence of bryophytes in the latter. With a total of 12 taxa, four native species were identified, two of which were endemic and eight cosmopolitan, revealing that native forests have greater diversity of corticolous bryophytes compared to forest plantations. This highlights the relevance of considering bryophyte studies when evaluating the impact of land use changes in Mediterranean climates subject to habitat fragmentation.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título profesional de Ingeniera en Conservación de Recursos Naturales
Keywords
Briofitas Chile, Bosque nativo Chile, Bosques Aspectos ambientales, Universidad de Concepción (Chile)