Evaluación de rasgos morfo-fisiológicos de individuos de Embothrium Coccineum J. R. et. G. Forster provenientes de diferentes estratos de nichos ecológicos.
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Date
2026
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El cambio climático y la sequía afectan la distribución y supervivencia de las especies forestales, lo que hace relevante estudiar la variabilidad intraespecífica en especies nativas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la variación en rasgos funcionales asociados a la resistencia al estrés hídrico en individuos de Embothrium Coccineum provenientes de distintos estratos edafoclimáticos. Para ello, se recolectaron semillas de ocho localidades distribuidas en cuatro estratos de nicho ecológico (Andes centro norte, Costa centro norte, Andes sur y Costa sur) y se cultivaron plantas bajo condiciones controladas de invernadero. Se evaluaron el éxito de la germinación, rasgos morfológicos, parámetros de relaciones hídricas derivados de curvas presión–volumen y variables de intercambio gaseoso.
Los resultados revelaron una marcada variación intraespecífica, predominando las diferencias a nivel de localidad por sobre el estrato de origen. Las localidades del estrato Costa centro norte presentaron los mayores porcentajes de germinación. En cuanto a la morfología, rasgos como el área foliar y la densidad estomática variaron significativamente entre localidades, mientras que la biomasa radical se diferenció por estratos, siendo mayor en las procedencias andinas, lo que sugiere una mayor inversión subterránea en estos ambientes. Si bien los parámetros estructurales de relaciones hídricas, como el punto de pérdida de turgor, no mostraron diferencias significativas, sí se observó variabilidad en la fotosíntesis y la eficiencia en el uso del agua entre localidades. Se concluye que la adaptación intraespecífica de Embothrium Coccineum se manifiesta principalmente mediante ajustes morfológicos y de intercambio gaseoso, respondiendo a condiciones ambientales locales específicas.
Climate change and increasing drought are affecting the distribution and survival of forest species, highlighting the importance of studying intraspecific variability in native plants. This study aimed to characterize the variation in functional traits associated with resistance to water stress in individuals of Embothrium Coccineum originating from different edaphoclimatic strata. Seeds were collected from eight localities distributed across four strata (North-Central Andes, North-Central Coast, Southern Andes, and Southern Coast), and plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. Germination success, morphological traits, water relations parameters derived from pressure–volume curves, and gas exchange variables were evaluated. The results revealed marked intraspecific variation, with differences being more pronounced at the locality level than at the stratum of origin. Localities from the North-Central Coastal stratum exhibited the highest germination percentages. Regarding morphology, traits such as leaf area and stomatal density varied significantly among localities, whereas root biomass differed among strata, being higher in Andean provenances, suggesting a greater belowground investment in these environments. Although structural water relations parameters, such as the turgor loss point, did not show significant differences, variability was observed in photosynthesis and water-use efficiency among localities. It is concluded that intraspecific adaptation in Embothrium Coccineum is primarily expressed through morphological adjustments and gas exchange traits, responding to specific local environmental conditions.
Climate change and increasing drought are affecting the distribution and survival of forest species, highlighting the importance of studying intraspecific variability in native plants. This study aimed to characterize the variation in functional traits associated with resistance to water stress in individuals of Embothrium Coccineum originating from different edaphoclimatic strata. Seeds were collected from eight localities distributed across four strata (North-Central Andes, North-Central Coast, Southern Andes, and Southern Coast), and plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. Germination success, morphological traits, water relations parameters derived from pressure–volume curves, and gas exchange variables were evaluated. The results revealed marked intraspecific variation, with differences being more pronounced at the locality level than at the stratum of origin. Localities from the North-Central Coastal stratum exhibited the highest germination percentages. Regarding morphology, traits such as leaf area and stomatal density varied significantly among localities, whereas root biomass differed among strata, being higher in Andean provenances, suggesting a greater belowground investment in these environments. Although structural water relations parameters, such as the turgor loss point, did not show significant differences, variability was observed in photosynthesis and water-use efficiency among localities. It is concluded that intraspecific adaptation in Embothrium Coccineum is primarily expressed through morphological adjustments and gas exchange traits, responding to specific local environmental conditions.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a en Biotecnología Vegetal.
Keywords
Notros, Cambios climáticos, Sequías, Especies nativas