Efecto de diferentes niveles de reposición hídrica, sobre el crecimiento y productividad del maní (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estrés hídrico en los cultivos es cada vez más frecuente, en el maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) la producción mundial presenta pérdidas de aproximadamente 6 millones de toneladas por este factor, por lo que hacer una buena gestión del recurso es primordial, con tal de utilizar la cantidad optima sin sacrificar rendimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes niveles de reposición hídrica (evapotranspiración de cultivo) empleando riego por goteo, sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del maní tipo Valencia. El ensayo se estableció en la estación experimental “El Nogal” de la Universidad de Concepción Campus Chillán durante la temporada 2023 - 2024 utilizando maní tipo Valencia. Se realizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro tratamientos, conformados por niveles de reposición de riego al 100 %, 80 %, 60 % y 40 % de la evapotranspiración del cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el riego se puede disminuir a un 80 % de la Etc, teniendo un crecimiento y una cobertura vegetal normal. En rendimiento y características de semilla, los resultados regando sobre el 80% Etc, fueron de 1574 kg ha-1 (100 % Etc) y 1451 kg ha-1 (80 % Etc), en tratamiento de mayor estrés se obtuvo 1166 kg ha-1 (60 % Etc) y 765 kg ha-1 (40 % Etc), evidenciando la diferencia entre los tratamientos. Considerando parámetros de rendimiento y eficiencia en el uso de agua, se debe regar a un 80 % Etc.
Water stress in crops is increasingly common. In peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), global production shows losses of approximately 6 million tons due to this factor. Therefore, proper management of this resource is essential to utilize the optimal amount without sacrificing yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of water replenishment (crop evapotranspiration) using drip irrigation on the growth and yield of Valencia-type peanuts. The trial was established at the "El Nogal" experimental station of the University of Concepción, Chillán Campus, during the 2023 - 2024 season using Valencia-type peanuts. A randomized complete block design was used, with four treatments, consisting of irrigation replenishment levels of 100 %, 80 %, 60 %, and 40 % of crop evapotranspiration. The results obtained showed that irrigation can be reduced to 80 % of the Etc, having normal growth and plant cover. In yield and seed characteristics, the results irrigating over 80 % Etc, were 1574 kg ha-1 (100 % Etc) and 1451 kg ha-1 (80 % Etc), in the treatment of greater stress 1166 kg ha-1 (60 % Etc) and 765 kg ha-1 (40 % Etc) were obtained, evidencing the difference between the treatments. Considering parameters of yield and efficiency in the use of water, it should be irrigated at 80 % Etc.
Water stress in crops is increasingly common. In peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), global production shows losses of approximately 6 million tons due to this factor. Therefore, proper management of this resource is essential to utilize the optimal amount without sacrificing yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of water replenishment (crop evapotranspiration) using drip irrigation on the growth and yield of Valencia-type peanuts. The trial was established at the "El Nogal" experimental station of the University of Concepción, Chillán Campus, during the 2023 - 2024 season using Valencia-type peanuts. A randomized complete block design was used, with four treatments, consisting of irrigation replenishment levels of 100 %, 80 %, 60 %, and 40 % of crop evapotranspiration. The results obtained showed that irrigation can be reduced to 80 % of the Etc, having normal growth and plant cover. In yield and seed characteristics, the results irrigating over 80 % Etc, were 1574 kg ha-1 (100 % Etc) and 1451 kg ha-1 (80 % Etc), in the treatment of greater stress 1166 kg ha-1 (60 % Etc) and 765 kg ha-1 (40 % Etc) were obtained, evidencing the difference between the treatments. Considering parameters of yield and efficiency in the use of water, it should be irrigated at 80 % Etc.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Maní, Riego por goteo, Crecimiento vegetal, Evapotranspiración