Caracterización de señales de emisiones acústicas en una transmisión de engranajes con soltura basal.
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se realizó una comparación estadística con diversas herramientas de análisis de señales entre una transmisión por engranajes en estado normal y con una soltura en un perno basal. Esto con el objetivo de identificar los síntomas y mecanismos presentes en el equipo al presentar este defecto mediante emisiones acústicas. A partir de mediciones realizadas durante el funcionamiento del equipo en ambas bases y sobre dos descansos se incluye un análisis de la señal bruta, de su espectro de frecuencia y la envolvente de la señal, encontrando una menor actividad de emisiones acústicas en la base en donde se aplica la soltura. Esto se expresa esencialmente en una disminución de las ondas continuas que se produce por resultado del roce en la conexión. A su vez, hay un aumento en la actividad por este roce en la base del lado contrario y de los eventos periódicos sincrónicos a la dinámica de la transmisión en los descansos. Sugiriendo que la pérdida de una conexión aumenta el nivel de esfuerzo en el resto del equipo.
Estos síntomas se notan mayormente en condiciones de operación de alto torque y frecuencia. En un análisis paralelo utilizando señales de vibraciones mecánicas se nota de menor manera la presencia de un patrón de síntomas entre los ensayos, por lo que la medición con emisiones acústicas se muestra adecuada para el monitoreo.
A statistical comparison was made with various signal analysis tools between a gear trans mission in normal condition and with a looseness in a basal bolt. This with the objective of identifying the symptoms and mechanisms present in the equipment when presenting this defect through acoustic emissions. Based on measurements made during the operation of the equipment in both bases and on two rests, an analysis of the raw signal, its frequency spectrum and the signal envelope is included, finding a lower activity of acoustic emissions in the base where the looseness is applied. This is essentially expressed in a decrease in the continuous waves that are produced as a result of the friction in the connection. In turn, there is an increase in the activity due to this friction in the base on the opposite side and in the periodic events synchronous to the dynamics of the transmission in the rests. Suggesting that the loss of a connection increases the level of effort in the rest of the equipment. These symptoms are mostly noticed in high torque and frequency operating conditions. In a parallel analysis using mechanical vibration signals, the presence of a pattern of symp toms between tests is less noticeable, so measurement with acoustic emissions is suitable for monitoring.
A statistical comparison was made with various signal analysis tools between a gear trans mission in normal condition and with a looseness in a basal bolt. This with the objective of identifying the symptoms and mechanisms present in the equipment when presenting this defect through acoustic emissions. Based on measurements made during the operation of the equipment in both bases and on two rests, an analysis of the raw signal, its frequency spectrum and the signal envelope is included, finding a lower activity of acoustic emissions in the base where the looseness is applied. This is essentially expressed in a decrease in the continuous waves that are produced as a result of the friction in the connection. In turn, there is an increase in the activity due to this friction in the base on the opposite side and in the periodic events synchronous to the dynamics of the transmission in the rests. Suggesting that the loss of a connection increases the level of effort in the rest of the equipment. These symptoms are mostly noticed in high torque and frequency operating conditions. In a parallel analysis using mechanical vibration signals, the presence of a pattern of symp toms between tests is less noticeable, so measurement with acoustic emissions is suitable for monitoring.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Mecánico
Keywords
Emisión acústica, Engranajes, Vibración