Diversidad funcional y riqueza de especies en la comunidad de aves según la heterogeneidad espacial del humedal Tubul - Raqui.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los humedales son hábitats que albergan una gran biodiversidad debido a su alta heterogeneidad espacial y variabilidad temporal. Sin embargo, La pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat, genera deterioro del parche que impacta negativamente la riqueza de especies. Este estudio evalúa los efectos de la heterogeneidad espacial en la diversidad funcional y la riqueza de especies de aves en el humedal Tubul-Raqui. Para ello, se realizaron muestreos de riqueza y abundancia de aves en 18 puntos del humedal durante 6 meses, registrando un total de 89 especies. Con estos datos, se obtuvo la diversidad funcional mediante el paquete FD de R Studio. Posteriormente, al relacionar la riqueza de especies con la riqueza funcional, se detectó una relación asintótica en primavera y verano, demostrando redundancia funcional, aumentando la resiliencia del sistema ante perturbaciones. Por otro lado, se calculó la heterogeneidad espacial del humedal mediante métricas de forma y área-borde a nivel de parche en el software Fragstats, para evaluar la complejidad de estos y su efecto en el ensamble de aves del humedal Tubul-Raqui. Los resultados indican que un aumento del efecto borde y la complejidad de los parches reduce la calidad del hábitat, provocando una respuesta negativa en la riqueza de especies y la diversidad funcional. Estos resultados sugieren que son necesarias acciones conjuntas tanto de restauración de coberturas principales del humedal como de conservación de aves migratorias y acuáticas para asegurar la resiliencia del sistema.
Wetlands are habitats that harbor high biodiversity due to their high spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability. However, habitat loss and fragmentation generate patch deterioration that negatively impacts species richness. This study evaluates the effects of spatial heterogeneity on the functional diversity and species richness of birds in the Tubul-Raqui wetland. For this purpose, samples of bird richness and abundance were taken at 18 points in the wetland during 6 months, recording a total of 89 species. With these data, functional diversity was obtained using the R Studio FD package. Subsequently, when relating species richness to functional richness, an asymptotic relationship was detected in spring and summer, demonstrating functional redundancy, increasing the resilience of the system to disturbances. On the other hand, the spatial heterogeneity of the wetland was calculated using shape and area-edge metrics at the patch level in the Fragstats software, to evaluate the complexity of these and their effect on the bird assemblage of the Tubul-Raqui wetland. The results indicate that an increase in edge effect and patch complexity reduces habitat quality, causing a negative response in species richness and functional diversity. These results suggest that joint actions are needed to restore the main cover of the wetland and to conserve migratory birds and waterfowl to ensure the resilience of the system.
Wetlands are habitats that harbor high biodiversity due to their high spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability. However, habitat loss and fragmentation generate patch deterioration that negatively impacts species richness. This study evaluates the effects of spatial heterogeneity on the functional diversity and species richness of birds in the Tubul-Raqui wetland. For this purpose, samples of bird richness and abundance were taken at 18 points in the wetland during 6 months, recording a total of 89 species. With these data, functional diversity was obtained using the R Studio FD package. Subsequently, when relating species richness to functional richness, an asymptotic relationship was detected in spring and summer, demonstrating functional redundancy, increasing the resilience of the system to disturbances. On the other hand, the spatial heterogeneity of the wetland was calculated using shape and area-edge metrics at the patch level in the Fragstats software, to evaluate the complexity of these and their effect on the bird assemblage of the Tubul-Raqui wetland. The results indicate that an increase in edge effect and patch complexity reduces habitat quality, causing a negative response in species richness and functional diversity. These results suggest that joint actions are needed to restore the main cover of the wetland and to conserve migratory birds and waterfowl to ensure the resilience of the system.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniera en Conservación de Recursos Naturales.
Keywords
Humedales, Biodiversidad, Heterogeneidad