La significación de las maternidades en el discurso médico de la Gota de Leche en Chile, 1908-1970
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Este estudio analiza cómo la Gota de Leche entre 1908 a 1970 contribuyó a combatir el problema de la mortalidad infantil incentivando la lactancia materna y procurando preservar la unión madre/niño. Lo anterior, considerando que esta institución contribuyó a la consolidación de la construcción de la imagen de mujer-madre a través de la estandarización de un comportamiento maternal. Basándose en el conocimiento médico-científico y la idealización de la lactancia materna, la Gota de Leche buscó estimular el seno materno a través de medicación y campañas que difundieron las ventajas de la leche materna a las madres de sectores populares a lo largo del país. A partir de la historia de las mujeres, en correlación con la historia de la alimentación y del cuerpo, se analiza el rol de los cuidados otorgados a las madres populares con el fin de modelar una nación en conformidad con el ideal científico-moderno. A través de un análisis del discurso, este estudio examina prensa y documentos institucionales para rescatar el imaginario social en torno a la mortalidad infantil y, también, para analizar la cotidianidad de esta institución y la exigencia por leyes de protección materno infantil por parte de la comunidad médica. De lo anterior, se infiere que la Gota de Leche ha funcionado como una institución de dinamismos complejos que constituyen un complejo engranaje a partir de distintas funciones que se despliegan en las labores que defienden el bienestar de los niños y las madres de sectores populares del contexto urbano.
This study analyzes how 'La Gota de Leche' (The Drop of Milk) contributed to combating infant mortality between 1908 and 1970 by promoting breastfeeding and fostering the mother-child bond. This consideration takes into account that this institution played a role in shaping the image of the mother as a caregiver through the standardization of maternal behavior. Drawing on medical-scientific knowledge and the idealization of breastfeeding, 'La Gota de Leche' sought to encourage maternal breastfeeding through medication and campaigns that promoted the advantages of breastfeeding to mothers in low-income areas throughout the country. By exploring women's history in correlation with the history of nutrition and the body, this study examines the role of care provided to mothers from the popular sectors to mold a nation in accordance with the modern scientific ideal. Through discourse analysis, this study examines press and institutional documents to uncover the social imagery surrounding infant mortality and to analyze the daily operations of this institution, as well as the medical community's demand for laws protecting maternal and child health. From this, it can be inferred that 'La Gota de Leche' has functioned as an institution with complex dynamics, constituting a multifaceted mechanism through various functions aimed at promoting the well-being of children and mothers in low-income urban contexts.
This study analyzes how 'La Gota de Leche' (The Drop of Milk) contributed to combating infant mortality between 1908 and 1970 by promoting breastfeeding and fostering the mother-child bond. This consideration takes into account that this institution played a role in shaping the image of the mother as a caregiver through the standardization of maternal behavior. Drawing on medical-scientific knowledge and the idealization of breastfeeding, 'La Gota de Leche' sought to encourage maternal breastfeeding through medication and campaigns that promoted the advantages of breastfeeding to mothers in low-income areas throughout the country. By exploring women's history in correlation with the history of nutrition and the body, this study examines the role of care provided to mothers from the popular sectors to mold a nation in accordance with the modern scientific ideal. Through discourse analysis, this study examines press and institutional documents to uncover the social imagery surrounding infant mortality and to analyze the daily operations of this institution, as well as the medical community's demand for laws protecting maternal and child health. From this, it can be inferred that 'La Gota de Leche' has functioned as an institution with complex dynamics, constituting a multifaceted mechanism through various functions aimed at promoting the well-being of children and mothers in low-income urban contexts.
Description
Tesis para optar al grado de Doctora en Historia
Keywords
Mortalidad infantil Chile, Lactancia materna