Proliferación in vitro de las especies nativas Berberis microphylla y Luma apiculata para la obtención de compuestos fenólicos bioactivos.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En Chile existe gran variedad de berries nativos, cuyos usos medicinales son comunes en la cultura mapuche y rural. Berberis microphylla y Luma apiculata son especies nativas reconocidas por su capacidad de producir compuestos fenólicos bioactivos. Este estudio, partiendo de la hipótesis “la proliferación in vitro de B. microphylla y L. apiculata induce cambios favorables en la síntesis de compuestos fenólicos bioactivos con respecto a los obtenidos desde plantas que crecen en su ambiente natural” se realizó con el objetivo general de comparar el contenido de compuestos fenólicos bioactivos en B. microphylla y L. apiculata a partir de plantas provenientes de cultivo in vitro y plantas que crecen en ambiente natural. Para ambas especies se logró establecer un protocolo para la proliferación in vitro de brotes en medio WPM suplementado con 2,2 µM de BAP y 0,25 µM de IBA. Se demostró la influencia de las condiciones de cultivo en la acumulación de compuestos bioactivos. Los brotes in vitro de B. microphylla presentaron mayor contenido de antocianinas totales con una alta capacidad antioxidante y las hojas ex vitro exhibieron niveles más altos de fenoles solubles. Los mayores contenidos de fenoles ligados de L. apiculata se detectaron en extractos del material ex vitro. El análisis por LC-MS permitió identificar compuestos específicos para cada especie, siendo mayoritarios los ácidos cafeoilquínicos en B. microphylla y derivados de miricetina en L. apiculata, algunos exclusivos de condiciones in vitro. Ambas especies presentaron alta actividad antimicrobiana; los extractos ex vitro de B. microphylla inhibieron todas las cepas bacterianas evaluadas y los extractos de fenoles solubles (in vitro y ex vitro) mostraron actividad antifúngica frente a Candida tropicalis. Todos los extractos de L. apiculata presentaron similar actividad antimicrobiana, sólo los extractos de fenoles solubles inhibieron el crecimiento de Candida albicans. Todos los extractos de ambas especies fueron efectivos frente a Candida glabrata. Los resultados obtenidos destacan el potencial del cultivo in vitro como una herramienta sostenible para la producción dirigida de compuestos fenólicos bioactivos, con aplicaciones en las industrias farmacéutica, nutracéutica e incluso como estrategia para la conservación y valorización de especies vegetales nativas.
In Chile, there is a great diversity of native berries, whose medicinal uses are common in Mapuche and rural culture. Berberis microphylla and Luma apiculata are native species recognized for their ability to produce bioactive phenolic compounds. This study, based on the hypothesis that “in vitro proliferation of B. microphylla and L. apiculata induces favorable changes in the synthesis of bioactive phenolic compounds compared to those obtained from plants growing in their natural environment,” aimed to compare the content of bioactive phenolic compounds in B. microphylla and L. apiculata from in vitro cultured plants and plants growing in natural environments. For both species, a protocol was established for the in vitro proliferation of shoots in WPM medium supplemented with 2.2 µM BAP and 0.25 µM IBA. The influence of culture conditions on the accumulation of bioactive compounds was demonstrated. In vitro shoots of B. microphylla exhibited higher total anthocyanin content with strong antioxidant capacity, while ex vitro leaves showed higher levels of soluble phenols. The highest levels of bound phenols in L. apiculata were detected in extracts from ex vitro material. LC-MS analysis allowed the identification of species specific compounds, with caffeoylquinic acids being predominant in B. microphylla and myricetin derivatives in L. apiculata, some of which were exclusive to in vitro conditions. Both species showed high antimicrobial activity; ex vitro extracts of B. microphylla inhibited all tested bacterial strains, and soluble phenol extracts (in vitro and ex vitro) exhibited antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis. All L. apiculata extracts showed similar antimicrobial activity, with only soluble phenol extracts inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. All extracts from both species were effective against Candida glabrata. The results highlight the potential of in vitro cultivation as a sustainable tool for the targeted production of bioactive phenolic compounds, with applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, and as a strategy for the conservation and valorization of native plant species.
In Chile, there is a great diversity of native berries, whose medicinal uses are common in Mapuche and rural culture. Berberis microphylla and Luma apiculata are native species recognized for their ability to produce bioactive phenolic compounds. This study, based on the hypothesis that “in vitro proliferation of B. microphylla and L. apiculata induces favorable changes in the synthesis of bioactive phenolic compounds compared to those obtained from plants growing in their natural environment,” aimed to compare the content of bioactive phenolic compounds in B. microphylla and L. apiculata from in vitro cultured plants and plants growing in natural environments. For both species, a protocol was established for the in vitro proliferation of shoots in WPM medium supplemented with 2.2 µM BAP and 0.25 µM IBA. The influence of culture conditions on the accumulation of bioactive compounds was demonstrated. In vitro shoots of B. microphylla exhibited higher total anthocyanin content with strong antioxidant capacity, while ex vitro leaves showed higher levels of soluble phenols. The highest levels of bound phenols in L. apiculata were detected in extracts from ex vitro material. LC-MS analysis allowed the identification of species specific compounds, with caffeoylquinic acids being predominant in B. microphylla and myricetin derivatives in L. apiculata, some of which were exclusive to in vitro conditions. Both species showed high antimicrobial activity; ex vitro extracts of B. microphylla inhibited all tested bacterial strains, and soluble phenol extracts (in vitro and ex vitro) exhibited antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis. All L. apiculata extracts showed similar antimicrobial activity, with only soluble phenol extracts inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. All extracts from both species were effective against Candida glabrata. The results highlight the potential of in vitro cultivation as a sustainable tool for the targeted production of bioactive phenolic compounds, with applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, and as a strategy for the conservation and valorization of native plant species.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Forestales.
Keywords
Calafate, Compuestos fenólicos, Compuestos bioactivos