Colonización endófita de cepas nativas de Beauveria peruvienis y su efecto de biocontrol contra Rhizoctonia ceralis en trigo
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Date
2025
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La mancha ocular aguda, causada por el hongo Rhizoctonia cerealis, es una enfermedad que impacta negativamente la calidad y el rendimiento del trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), al provocar pudrición radicular y debilitar el vigor de la planta. Esta investigación evaluó el potencial antagónico in vitro de dos cepas de Beauveria peruviensis (RGM 570 y RGM 644) frente al patógeno, su capacidad de colonización endofítica en trigo, y el desempeño de estos hongos en combinación con Pseudomonas protegens (Ca6), formulada en biocarbón, en experimentos de campo. Los resultados in vitro mostraron una inhibición del crecimiento radial del patógeno del 57,8 % y 55,6 %. En cuanto a la colonización endófita, la combinación de ambas cepas de Beauveria alcanzó un 18 %, superando los resultados individuales. La cepa RGM 644 incrementó la emergencia de plántulas en un 41,4 %, mientras que la combinación de P. protegens formulada en biocarbón con Beauveria, resultó en un aumento del 61,7 % en comparación con el control inoculado con el patógeno. La severidad radicular, evaluada en la madurez, mostró una reducción de las lesiones del 48,6 % para la combinación de cepas de B. peruviensis y en torno al 30 % para ambos tratamientos con bacterias. Estos resultados muestran una alternativa promisoria para el manejo de R. cerealis utilizando microorganismos en producciones de trigo.
Sharp eyespot, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a disease that negatively impacts the quality and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by causing root rot and weakening plant vigor. This study evaluated the in vitro antagonistic potential of two strains of Beauveria peruviensis (RGM 570 and RGM 644) against the pathogen, their ability to colonize wheat endophytically, and the field performance of these fungi along with Pseudomonas protegens (Ca6) formulated in biochar. In vitro results showed pathogen radial growth Inhibition rates of 57.8 % and 55.6 %. Regarding endophytic colonization, the combination of both Beauveria strains reached 18 %, outperforming individual results. Strain RGM 644 increased plant emergence by 41.4 %, while the combination of P. protegens formulated in biochar with Beauveria led to 61.7% increase compared to the inoculated control. Root severity, evaluated at maturity showed a 48.6 % reduction in basal lesions with the combined B. peruviensis strains and around 30 % with both bacterial treatments. These results show a promising alternative for the management of R. cerealis using microorganisms in wheat production.
Sharp eyespot, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a disease that negatively impacts the quality and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by causing root rot and weakening plant vigor. This study evaluated the in vitro antagonistic potential of two strains of Beauveria peruviensis (RGM 570 and RGM 644) against the pathogen, their ability to colonize wheat endophytically, and the field performance of these fungi along with Pseudomonas protegens (Ca6) formulated in biochar. In vitro results showed pathogen radial growth Inhibition rates of 57.8 % and 55.6 %. Regarding endophytic colonization, the combination of both Beauveria strains reached 18 %, outperforming individual results. Strain RGM 644 increased plant emergence by 41.4 %, while the combination of P. protegens formulated in biochar with Beauveria led to 61.7% increase compared to the inoculated control. Root severity, evaluated at maturity showed a 48.6 % reduction in basal lesions with the combined B. peruviensis strains and around 30 % with both bacterial treatments. These results show a promising alternative for the management of R. cerealis using microorganisms in wheat production.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniera Agrónoma
Keywords
Hongos endófitos, Control biológico de plagas, Enfermedades de las plantas, Triticum aestivum - Chile