Cuantificación del almacenamiento de carbono orgánico como indicador del servicio de regulación climática de los ecosistemas boscosos del Parque Nacional Nonguén, Chile.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En el contexto actual, la captura de carbono orgánico desempeña un papel crucial en la gestión de ecosistemas debido a su importancia en la mitigación del cambio climático. Si bien algunas investigaciones han abordado el contenido de carbono orgánico en diversos ecosistemas boscosos, aún es necesario aumentar el conocimiento especialmente en ecosistemas amenazados. Este estudio cuantificó el carbono orgánico aéreo y del suelo, almacenado por los distintos ecosistemas boscosos presentes en el Parque Nacional Nonguén (PNN) en la región del Biobío, Chile, además de describir sus atributos estructurales y composicionales. Se emplearon funciones alométricas para cuantificar la biomasa arbórea y análisis de combustión seca de Dumas para el contenido de carbono del suelo. Los resultados mostraron que el PNN almacena 904.077 ± 95.184 Mg de carbono orgánico en sus 3.054 hectáreas, con una densidad de 296 ± 31,2 Mg ha-1, de los cuales el 44,4% correspondió a lo almacenado en la biomasa aérea y 55,6% en los primeros 40 cm del suelo mineral. El bosque secundario representó la mayor cantidad de carbono orgánico aéreo, con 335.385 ± 48.089 Mg almacenados en sus 2.427 hectáreas. El ecosistema con la mayor densidad de carbono orgánico en los primeros 40 cm de suelo fue plantación adulta, con 173 ± 79 Mg ha-1. El ecosistema con mayor densidad de carbono aéreo fue el bosque adulto dominado por Nothofagus dombeyi con 299 ± 112 Mg ha-1, el cual también presentó los mayores diámetros a la altura del pecho (DAP) con 46,8 ± 5,2 cm y la menor densidad con 372 ± 124 individuos ha-1. Estos hallazgos son valiosos para la gestión de áreas naturales protegidas y la formulación de políticas de mitigación del cambio climático.
In the current context, organic carbon sequestration plays a crucial role in ecosystem management due to its importance in climate change mitigation. Although some research has addressed the organic carbon content in different forest ecosystems, there is still a need to increase knowledge about this subject. This research quantified the aboveground and soil organic carbon stored by the different forest ecosystems in the Parque Nacional Nonguén located in the Biobío region, Chile, and in addition, it also describes their structural and compositional attributes. Allometric functions were used to quantify tree biomass and Dumas dry combustion analysis for soil carbon content. The results showed that the PNN stores 904.077 ± 95.184 Mg of organic carbon in its 3.054 hectares, with a density of 296 ± 31,2 Mg ha-1, of which 44.4% corresponded to the quantity stored in the aerial biomass and 55,6% in the first 40 cm of mineral soil. The secondary forest registered the greatest amount of aboveground organic carbon, with 335.385 ± 48.089 Mg stored in its 2.427 hectares. The ecosystem with the highest density of organic carbon in the first 40 cm of soil was adult plantation, with 173 ± 79 Mg ha-1. The ecosystem with the highest aerial carbon density was the adult forest dominated by Nothofagus dombeyi with 299 ± 112 Mg ha-1, which also had the highest diameter at breast height (DBH) with 46,8 ± 5,2 cm and the lowest density with 372 ± 124 individuals ha-1. These findings are valuable for the management of natural protected areas and the formulation of climate change mitigation policies.
In the current context, organic carbon sequestration plays a crucial role in ecosystem management due to its importance in climate change mitigation. Although some research has addressed the organic carbon content in different forest ecosystems, there is still a need to increase knowledge about this subject. This research quantified the aboveground and soil organic carbon stored by the different forest ecosystems in the Parque Nacional Nonguén located in the Biobío region, Chile, and in addition, it also describes their structural and compositional attributes. Allometric functions were used to quantify tree biomass and Dumas dry combustion analysis for soil carbon content. The results showed that the PNN stores 904.077 ± 95.184 Mg of organic carbon in its 3.054 hectares, with a density of 296 ± 31,2 Mg ha-1, of which 44.4% corresponded to the quantity stored in the aerial biomass and 55,6% in the first 40 cm of mineral soil. The secondary forest registered the greatest amount of aboveground organic carbon, with 335.385 ± 48.089 Mg stored in its 2.427 hectares. The ecosystem with the highest density of organic carbon in the first 40 cm of soil was adult plantation, with 173 ± 79 Mg ha-1. The ecosystem with the highest aerial carbon density was the adult forest dominated by Nothofagus dombeyi with 299 ± 112 Mg ha-1, which also had the highest diameter at breast height (DBH) with 46,8 ± 5,2 cm and the lowest density with 372 ± 124 individuals ha-1. These findings are valuable for the management of natural protected areas and the formulation of climate change mitigation policies.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero en Conservación de Recursos Naturales
Keywords
Plantas Efecto del carbono, Reservas naturales, Gestión ambiental