Impacto del uso de biocarbón como estabilizador de guano de gallina ponedora en la calidad de guano y emisión de gases
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El aumento de la producción de huevos ha generado preocupaciones medioambientales relacionadas con el manejo de residuos sólidos, especialmente el guano de gallinas ponedoras, que puede contaminar agua, suelo y aire. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial del biocarbón como estabilizador de guano en gallinas ponedoras, analizando su impacto en la calidad del guano y las emisiones de gases. Se utilizó biocarbón producido a partir de desechos agroindustriales de paja de trigo y cáscara de avellana europea mediante pirólisis lenta a 500 °C. Se realizaron pruebas con guano de aves bajo diferentes tratamientos, incluyendo la adición de biocarbón en la dieta y en el guano, y se midieron parámetros como materia seca, cenizas totales, proteína cruda y nitrógeno amoniacal. El biocarbón en la dieta y en el guano redujo las emisiones de nitrógeno amoniacal; no se observaron diferencias (P>0,05) en el contenido de materia seca en el tiempo, posiblemente debido a factores ambientales como la humedad relativa; no hubo generación de metano en ninguna de las condiciones experimentales estudiadas. El tratamiento con biocarbón de paja de trigo en la dieta y sin biocarbón en el guano, presentó el contenido más bajo de nitrógeno amoniacal y se mantuvo un alto contenido de proteína cruda al final del periodo del estudio, lo cual es un indicativo de una buena retención de nitrógeno y potencial para mejorar la fertilidad del suelo.
The increase in egg production has raised environmental concerns related to solid waste management, particularly chicken manure, which can contaminate water, soil, and air. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of biochar as a stabilizer for poultry manure by analyzing its impact on manure quality and gas emissions. Biochar was produced from agro-industrial waste of wheat straw and hazelnut shells, by slow pyrolysis at 500°C. Tests were conducted using hen manure under various treatments, including the addition of biochar to the diet and directly to the manure. Parameters such as dry matter, total ash, crude protein, and ammoniacal nitrogen content were measured. Biochar in both the diet and the manure reduced ammoniacal nitrogen emissions. There were no differences (P>0,05) in the dry matter variation possibly due to environmental factors such as relative humidity, and no methane production occurred under any of the experimental conditions studied. The treatment with wheat straw biochar in the diet and no biochar in the manure had the lowest ammoniacal nitrogen content and maintained a high level of crude protein at the end of the study period, indicating good nitrogen retention and potential improvement of soil fertility.
The increase in egg production has raised environmental concerns related to solid waste management, particularly chicken manure, which can contaminate water, soil, and air. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of biochar as a stabilizer for poultry manure by analyzing its impact on manure quality and gas emissions. Biochar was produced from agro-industrial waste of wheat straw and hazelnut shells, by slow pyrolysis at 500°C. Tests were conducted using hen manure under various treatments, including the addition of biochar to the diet and directly to the manure. Parameters such as dry matter, total ash, crude protein, and ammoniacal nitrogen content were measured. Biochar in both the diet and the manure reduced ammoniacal nitrogen emissions. There were no differences (P>0,05) in the dry matter variation possibly due to environmental factors such as relative humidity, and no methane production occurred under any of the experimental conditions studied. The treatment with wheat straw biochar in the diet and no biochar in the manure had the lowest ammoniacal nitrogen content and maintained a high level of crude protein at the end of the study period, indicating good nitrogen retention and potential improvement of soil fertility.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Pirolisis, Enmiendas del suelo, Guano de Aves de Corral