Balance de energía en batería Planta Coque Compañía Siderúrgica Huachipato.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El acero es una aleación de hierro-carbono, que se destaca por su versatilidad ya que forma parte de la gran mayoría de nuestro entorno. Actualmente, el mercado global del acero está controlado por China y afecta la participación de varias compañías en el mercado. En cuanto a Chile, durante varios décadas el principal productor y exportador fue la Compañía Siderúrgica Huachipato, ubicada en la bahía de San Vicente, comuna de Talcahuano, Región del Bio Bio. Existen cuatro secciones fundamentales para la producción del acero, observables en la gran mayoría de siderurgias, estas son: Planta de Coque, Altos Hornos, Acería y Colada Continua, y Laminadores. Cada sección produce: combustibles, arrabio, acero, producto comercial, correspondientemente. En general, las plantas de coque se subdividen en tres áreas de trabajo, manejo de carbón, encargado de acopio y suministro de materia prima, batería, edificio refractario encargado de coquizar la mezcla de carbones, a través de pirólisis en ausencia de oxígeno dentro de los hornos mediante proceso batch. Por último, en la unidad de subproductos es tratado el gas coque producido en los hornos, donde se recuperan subproductos de éste tales como naftaleno, ácido sulfhídrico, alquitrán, amoniaco, y gas mezcla principal combustible para la operación de las máquinas de forma general dentro de toda la planta, la unidad de interés para el proyecto es la batería, donde ocurre la coquización, con una configuración de 58 hornos y 59 muros de combustión, para suministrar el calor necesario del proceso. Adyacentes a los hornos, se sitúan muros de combustión a cada lado del horno, encargados de suministrar la energía necesaria para que ocurra la coquización. Cada muro de combustión tiene asociado un equipo encargado de evacuar los gases de combustión denominados Waste Heat, mediante un sensor reporta el valor del %O2 en los gases quemados, clave en el desarrollo de este proyecto. Mediante dos cajas negras separadas se establecen relaciones de balance para el muro, donde el calor aportado corresponde a la combustión y consumos tales como calor sensible de gases salida y pérdidas. La diferencia corresponderá al calor disponible para el horno, a su vez, el balance para el horno involucra el aporte de calor del muro y consumos, calor sensible de gases, calor arrastrado por coque, pérdidas donde la diferencia es el calor disponible para el proceso de coquización, estimado en 23 Gcal/h. Debido a la constante operación de la batería es necesario llevar controles frecuentes y certeros en los diversos equipos para la correcta operación y producción, además de minimizar las pérdidas energéticas, finalmente se incluyen unas breves recomendaciones.
Steel is an iron-carbon alloy which outstands by its versatility being found in everything around us. The steel global market is controlled by China affecting the participation of several companies in the market, the former main producer and exporter of steel in Chile was Compañía Siderúrgica Huachipato, located by San Vicente bay in Talcahuano, Bio Bio region. The craft of steel is divided into four large fundamental areas: the Coke Plant, Blast Furnaces, Steel Mills and Continuous Casting, and Rolling Mills where the final product is obtained. Each one gets the key products like fuels, cast iron, steel, and final product, correspondently. Particularly, the most of Coque plants are divided into three working areas, coal handling, collection manager and raw material supply, battery, a refractory building in charge of coking the coals mixture through pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen inside the furnaces in batch process. Finally, the by-products unit where the coke gas produced in the furnaces is treated in order to recover its by-products such as naphthalene, hydrogen sulfide, tar, ammonia, and “gas mezcla” as main mixture for the machines operation in a general way inside the whole plant; the unit of interest for the project is the battery where the coking takes place, with a configuration of 58 furnaces and 59 combustion walls to supply the required heat for the process; these combustion walls are adjacent to each side of the furnaces in charge to provide the required energy so that the coking takes place; an associated equipment to each combustion wall is in charge of evacuating the combustion gases called Waste Heat through a sensor that reports the %O2 value in burnt gases, key for the development of this project; the balance relationships for the wall are established through two separated black boxes, the heat provided corresponds to the combustion and sensible heat consumption of output gases and lost, the difference will correspond to the available heat for the furnace. At the same time, the balance for the furnace involves the wall heat input and sensible heat consumption of gases, dragged heat by coke, losses where the balance is the available heat for the coking process, estimated in 23Gcal/h. It is necessary to do frequent controls in the equipment to take care of the process and assure the steel quality. Finally, some brief recommendations are included.
Steel is an iron-carbon alloy which outstands by its versatility being found in everything around us. The steel global market is controlled by China affecting the participation of several companies in the market, the former main producer and exporter of steel in Chile was Compañía Siderúrgica Huachipato, located by San Vicente bay in Talcahuano, Bio Bio region. The craft of steel is divided into four large fundamental areas: the Coke Plant, Blast Furnaces, Steel Mills and Continuous Casting, and Rolling Mills where the final product is obtained. Each one gets the key products like fuels, cast iron, steel, and final product, correspondently. Particularly, the most of Coque plants are divided into three working areas, coal handling, collection manager and raw material supply, battery, a refractory building in charge of coking the coals mixture through pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen inside the furnaces in batch process. Finally, the by-products unit where the coke gas produced in the furnaces is treated in order to recover its by-products such as naphthalene, hydrogen sulfide, tar, ammonia, and “gas mezcla” as main mixture for the machines operation in a general way inside the whole plant; the unit of interest for the project is the battery where the coking takes place, with a configuration of 58 furnaces and 59 combustion walls to supply the required heat for the process; these combustion walls are adjacent to each side of the furnaces in charge to provide the required energy so that the coking takes place; an associated equipment to each combustion wall is in charge of evacuating the combustion gases called Waste Heat through a sensor that reports the %O2 value in burnt gases, key for the development of this project; the balance relationships for the wall are established through two separated black boxes, the heat provided corresponds to the combustion and sensible heat consumption of output gases and lost, the difference will correspond to the available heat for the furnace. At the same time, the balance for the furnace involves the wall heat input and sensible heat consumption of gases, dragged heat by coke, losses where the balance is the available heat for the coking process, estimated in 23Gcal/h. It is necessary to do frequent controls in the equipment to take care of the process and assure the steel quality. Finally, some brief recommendations are included.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Metalúrgico
Keywords
Coque, Industrias Abastecimiento de energía, Huachipato (chile)