Respuesta de la avifauna al proceso de restauración de ecosistemas: un caso de estudios en el vertedero de cenizas de la central termoeléctrica Bocamina, Coronel, Chile.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Este estudio evaluó la respuesta de la comunidad de aves al proceso de restauración del vertedero de cenizas de la central termoeléctrica Bocamina (Coronel, Chile), un sitio intervenido por actividades industriales. Se estudió el ensamble de aves mediante el análisis de su diversidad taxonómica y funcional, y su comparación con el ensamble presente en la Estación Biológica Terrestre Pedro del Río Zañartu como ecosistema de referencia (Hualpén, Chile). A través de conteos estacionales y un set de análisis estadísticos multivariados, se identificaron diferencias entre ambos sitios. Bocamina presentó una comunidad dominada por especies generalistas y adaptadas a ambientes abiertos, mientras que el sitio de referencia albergó un ensamble con una mayor heterogeneidad estructural y con la presencia de especies asociadas a bosques maduros. Estos resultados sugieren que el sitio en restauración se encuentra en una fase intermedia de recuperación, donde persisten limitaciones funcionales y estructurales propias de estados sucesionales tempranos, pero con una trayectoria positiva hacia comunidades más complejas. Se concluye que la avifauna actúa como un bioindicador sensible de la calidad ecológica en ecosistemas degradados y en transición, y se proponen recomendaciones para reorientar el proceso restaurativo hacia la mantención de mosaicos de hábitats y establecer monitoreos a largo plazo. Este enfoque permite avanzar hacia una restauración más efectiva y adaptativa en paisajes altamente transformados.
This study evaluated the response of the bird community to the restoration process of the ash dump at the Bocamina thermoelectric power plant (Coronel, Chile), a site affected by industrial activities. The bird assemblage was studied by analyzing its taxonomic and functional diversity and comparing it with the assemblage present at the Pedro del Río Zañartu Terrestrial Biological Station as a reference ecosystem (Hualpén, Chile). Through seasonal counts and a set of multivariate statistical analyses, differences between the two sites were identified. Bocamina presented a community dominated by generalist species adapted to open environments, while the reference site housed an assemblage with greater structural heterogeneity and the presence of species associated with mature forests. These results suggest that the site under restoration is in an intermediate phase of recovery, where functional and structural limitations typical of early successional stages persist, but with a positive trajectory toward more complex communities. It is concluded that birdlife acts as a sensitive bioindicator of ecological quality in degraded and transitional ecosystems, and recommendations are proposed to reorient the restoration process toward the maintenance of habitat mosaics and the establishment of long-term monitoring. This approach allows for progress toward more effective and adaptive restoration in highly transformed landscapes.
This study evaluated the response of the bird community to the restoration process of the ash dump at the Bocamina thermoelectric power plant (Coronel, Chile), a site affected by industrial activities. The bird assemblage was studied by analyzing its taxonomic and functional diversity and comparing it with the assemblage present at the Pedro del Río Zañartu Terrestrial Biological Station as a reference ecosystem (Hualpén, Chile). Through seasonal counts and a set of multivariate statistical analyses, differences between the two sites were identified. Bocamina presented a community dominated by generalist species adapted to open environments, while the reference site housed an assemblage with greater structural heterogeneity and the presence of species associated with mature forests. These results suggest that the site under restoration is in an intermediate phase of recovery, where functional and structural limitations typical of early successional stages persist, but with a positive trajectory toward more complex communities. It is concluded that birdlife acts as a sensitive bioindicator of ecological quality in degraded and transitional ecosystems, and recommendations are proposed to reorient the restoration process toward the maintenance of habitat mosaics and the establishment of long-term monitoring. This approach allows for progress toward more effective and adaptive restoration in highly transformed landscapes.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a en Conservación de Recursos Naturales.
Keywords
Aves, Vertederos, Centrales termoeléctricas, Ecosistemas, Conservación de recursos naturales