Trans-, Post- y Metahumanismo: En defensa de un transhumanismo nietzscheano débil.
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Date
2023
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El Transhumanismo es un movimiento filosófico contemporáneo de carácter tecno-optimista cuyo objetivo es el florecimiento de la especie humana. Este afirma la superación de las limitaciones humanas mediante el uso de la ciencia y la tecnología para eventualmente lograr la posthumanidad, distinguiéndose dos grandes tradiciones dentro del mismo: un transhumanismo silicon-based y un transhumanismo carbon-based. El Posthumanismo es una corriente de pensamiento filosófica que busca trascender las dualidades ontológicas categóricas heredadas del Humanismo. Ambas tradiciones postulan el Posthumano, aunque presentan lecturas diferentes del mismo. El objetivo de la presente investigación será analizar una semejanza estructural entre el Übermensch y el Posthumano, abogando por un Transhumanismo Nietzscheano Débil, el cual considera a Friedrich Nietzsche como un precursor del Transhumanismo. Adicionalmente se examinará la propuesta Metahumanista, una prometedora corriente intelectual contemporánea que combina un Posthumanismo continental con un Transhumanismo anglo-americano débiles, así como la complejidad de la filosofía nietzscheana y hermenéutica con la ética analítica, y que a la vez pretende ir más allá del Humanismo dualista tradicional. En última instancia se ofrecerá una respuesta a los comentarios emitidos por Jaime Del Val con respecto al Transhumanismo, el cual considera un hiperhumanismo, perspectiva que pasa por alto el compromiso que este guarda con una ética contingente, la norma de libertad negativa y una ontología naturalista.
Transhumanism is a contemporary techno-optimistic philosophical movement whose goal is the flourishing of the human species. It affirms the overcoming of human limitations through the use of science and technology to eventually achieve posthumanity, distinguishing two major traditions within it: a silicon-based transhumanism and a carbon-based transhumanism. Posthumanism is a philosophical current of thought that seeks to transcend the categorical ontological dualities inherited from Humanism. Both traditions postulate the Posthuman, although they present different readings of it. The aim of the present research will be to analyze a structural similarity between the Übermensch and the posthuman, advocating a Weak Nietzschean Transhumanism, which considers Friedrich Nietzsche as a precursor of Transhumanism. In addition, the Metahumanist proposal will be examined, a promising contemporary intellectual current that combines a continental Posthumanism with a weak anglo-american Transhumanism, as well as the complexity of Nietzschean and hermeneutic philosophy with analytical ethics,while aiming to go beyond traditional dualistic Humanism. Ultimately, a response will be offered to the comments made by Jaime Del Val regarding Transhumanism, which he considers a hyperhumanism, a perspective that overlooks its commitment that it maintains with a contingent ethics, the norm of negative freedom and a naturalistic ontology.
Transhumanism is a contemporary techno-optimistic philosophical movement whose goal is the flourishing of the human species. It affirms the overcoming of human limitations through the use of science and technology to eventually achieve posthumanity, distinguishing two major traditions within it: a silicon-based transhumanism and a carbon-based transhumanism. Posthumanism is a philosophical current of thought that seeks to transcend the categorical ontological dualities inherited from Humanism. Both traditions postulate the Posthuman, although they present different readings of it. The aim of the present research will be to analyze a structural similarity between the Übermensch and the posthuman, advocating a Weak Nietzschean Transhumanism, which considers Friedrich Nietzsche as a precursor of Transhumanism. In addition, the Metahumanist proposal will be examined, a promising contemporary intellectual current that combines a continental Posthumanism with a weak anglo-american Transhumanism, as well as the complexity of Nietzschean and hermeneutic philosophy with analytical ethics,while aiming to go beyond traditional dualistic Humanism. Ultimately, a response will be offered to the comments made by Jaime Del Val regarding Transhumanism, which he considers a hyperhumanism, a perspective that overlooks its commitment that it maintains with a contingent ethics, the norm of negative freedom and a naturalistic ontology.
Description
Tesis para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Filosofía.
Keywords
Transhumanismo Aspectos morales y éticos, Posthumanismo, Superhombre (Concepto filosófico)