Co-estabilización de residuos orgánicos de cervecería artesanal para obtener enmiendas de suelos.
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Date
2024
Authors
Aguilera Lermanda, Diego Andrés
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las enmiendas orgánicas mejoran las propiedades de los suelos y los efectos negativos de su degradación. Éstas se obtienen a partir de la estabilización de materiales de origen vegetal y/o animal provenientes de distintos sectores agrícolas. En este estudio se evaluó el proceso de estabilización de residuos orgánicos de cervecería artesanal: bagazo de cebada (B) y levaduras residuales (L), los que fueron mezclados con biocarbón (BC) y estiércol bovino (ES) en un diseño de bloques completo al azar con arreglo factorial 3x2. El factor sustrato (B, B+BC, B+ES) se incubó en ausencia y presencia de inóculo de L durante 4 meses. Luego se evaluó: pH, conductividad eléctrica (C.E), nutrientes disponibles, carbono (C) y nitrógeno (N) total, amonio (NH4+), nitrato (NO3-), relación C/N y NH4+/NO3-. También se evaluó la actividad microbiológica (respirometría, actividad enzimática) y fitotoxicidad. Los factores y su interacción tuvieron efectos significativos (α ≤ 0,05) sobre algunas variables. La adición de L afectó la actividad enzimática de los tres sustratos y también su composición química. Añadir BC en el sustrato disminuyó las emisiones de CO2 y la C.E, también aumentó el C total. El inóculo de L tuvo efecto en el sustrato ES al aumentar su pH, y decrecer su C.E, contenido de NO3- y N total. Todos los tratamientos carecen de fitotoxicidad y se encuentran en rangos óptimos de pH y relación C/N para ser utilizados como enmiendas orgánicas de suelos.
Organic amendments improve soil properties and the negative effects of its degradation. They can be obtained from the stabilization of vegetable and/or animal waste from different agricultural sectors. In the present study, the stabilization process of organic waste from craft brewery was analyzed: brewer's spent grain (B) and spent yeast (L) were both mixed with biochar (BC) and cow manure (ES) in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of 3x2. For 4 months, the substrate factor (B, B+BC, B+ES) was incubated in the absence and addition of L inoculum where the NH4+/NO3- ratio was analyzed. After that period, chemical composition was evaluated, including pH, electrical conductivity (C.E), available nutrients, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), ammonium (NH4+), nitrates (NO3-), C/N and NH4+/NO3- ratios. Microbiological activity (respirometry, enzymatic activity) and phytotoxicity were also evaluated. The factors and their interactions had significant effects (α ≤ 0.05) over some variables. The L inoculum affected the enzymatic activity of the three substrates and their chemical composition. Adding biochar decreased CO2 emissions and the C.E. This also increased total C. The L inoculum had effect over ES substrate, increasing its pH and decreasing C.E, nitrates and total N content. Since every treatment lacks phytotoxicity, with optimal ranges of pH and C/N ratio, they can be used as soil organic amendments.
Organic amendments improve soil properties and the negative effects of its degradation. They can be obtained from the stabilization of vegetable and/or animal waste from different agricultural sectors. In the present study, the stabilization process of organic waste from craft brewery was analyzed: brewer's spent grain (B) and spent yeast (L) were both mixed with biochar (BC) and cow manure (ES) in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of 3x2. For 4 months, the substrate factor (B, B+BC, B+ES) was incubated in the absence and addition of L inoculum where the NH4+/NO3- ratio was analyzed. After that period, chemical composition was evaluated, including pH, electrical conductivity (C.E), available nutrients, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), ammonium (NH4+), nitrates (NO3-), C/N and NH4+/NO3- ratios. Microbiological activity (respirometry, enzymatic activity) and phytotoxicity were also evaluated. The factors and their interactions had significant effects (α ≤ 0.05) over some variables. The L inoculum affected the enzymatic activity of the three substrates and their chemical composition. Adding biochar decreased CO2 emissions and the C.E. This also increased total C. The L inoculum had effect over ES substrate, increasing its pH and decreasing C.E, nitrates and total N content. Since every treatment lacks phytotoxicity, with optimal ranges of pH and C/N ratio, they can be used as soil organic amendments.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Sustratos orgánicos, Compostaje, Cervecerías