Determinación del efecto de la co-pirólisis con desechos plásticos sobre el potencial agronómico del biocarbón
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los desechos plásticos en la agricultura son abundantes especialmente por los sistemas de producción bajo invernadero. Actualmente, su reciclaje es mínimo, por lo que se acumulan en los suelos causando contaminación. Una novedosa estrategia de uso es convertirla en plasticarbón, pero se desconocen sus efectos en los suelos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial agronómico de biocarbón y plasticarbón en dos tipos de suelos. Se estableció un ensayo a nivel de laboratorio, con ocho tratamientos (control, biocarbón y plasticarbón en diferentes tamaños de partículas y dosis). Se establecieron en macetas y después de 6 meses se determinaron los cambios en las características químicas, físicas y biológicas del suelo; además de un análisis de toxicidad aguda. La aplicación de biocarbón y plasticarbón tuvo resultados variados; biocarbón y plasticarbón aumentaron el pH de los suelos y varían en su efecto en la capacidad física de los suelos, tales como la disminución de la humedad aprovechable en suelo arrayan en un 2 %, las actividades enzimáticas no tuvieron variaciones significativas. Ninguno de los tratamientos produjo toxicidad aguda en semillas de rabanito y los biocarbones aumentaron la germinación y estimularon el crecimiento de la radícula. Se concluye que el potencial uso de plasticarbón no es tóxica para especies vegetales sensibles, siendo una alternativa promisoria para su uso en la agricultura.
Plastic waste in agriculture is abundant, especially due to greenhouse production systems. Currently, their recycling is minimal, so they accumulate in the soil causing pollution. A novel use strategy is to convert it into plasticcarbon, but the effects of this on soils are unknown. This research aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential of biochar and plasticarbon in two types of soils. A laboratory trial was established, with eight treatments (control, biochar and plasticarbon in different particle sizes and doses). They were established in pots and after 6 months the changes in the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil were determined; in addition to an acute toxicity analysis. The application of biochar and plasticarbon had mixed results; Biochar and plasticarbon increased the pH of the soils and varied in their effect on the physical capacity of the soils, such as the decrease in usable moisture in Arrayan soil by 2 %, the enzymatic activities did not have significant variations. None of the treatments produced acute toxicity in radish seeds and the biochars increased germination and stimulated radicle growth. It is concluded that the potential use of plasticarbon is not toxic for sensitive plant species, being a promising alternative for use in agriculture.
Plastic waste in agriculture is abundant, especially due to greenhouse production systems. Currently, their recycling is minimal, so they accumulate in the soil causing pollution. A novel use strategy is to convert it into plasticcarbon, but the effects of this on soils are unknown. This research aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential of biochar and plasticarbon in two types of soils. A laboratory trial was established, with eight treatments (control, biochar and plasticarbon in different particle sizes and doses). They were established in pots and after 6 months the changes in the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil were determined; in addition to an acute toxicity analysis. The application of biochar and plasticarbon had mixed results; Biochar and plasticarbon increased the pH of the soils and varied in their effect on the physical capacity of the soils, such as the decrease in usable moisture in Arrayan soil by 2 %, the enzymatic activities did not have significant variations. None of the treatments produced acute toxicity in radish seeds and the biochars increased germination and stimulated radicle growth. It is concluded that the potential use of plasticarbon is not toxic for sensitive plant species, being a promising alternative for use in agriculture.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Residuos agrícolas, Suelos, Invernaderos