Evaluación agronómica de enmiendas orgánicas co-estabilizadas con biocarbón
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En la agricultura existen practicas altamente extractivas afectando la calidad de los suelos. La disminución de la fertilidad de suelo y aumento en el uso de fertilizantes y agroquímicos impacta en el balance de nutrientes del suelo, contaminación ambiental y la pérdida de biodiversidad con consecuencia en la productividad agrícola-ganadera. La incorporación de enmiendas orgánicas al suelo aumenta la materia orgánica y la fertilidad natural lo que permite recuperar suelos degradados, reutilizando desechos orgánicos de origen animal y/o vegetal, lo que fomenta las prácticas sostenibles y a la mitigación del cambio climático. Esta investigación planteó la evaluación agronómica de enmiendas orgánicas tales como vermicompost, Bocashi y compost solas y co-estabilizadas con biocarbón (BC) sobre su efecto en el rendimiento. Para esto en una cámara de crecimiento, se sembró Ballica (Lolium perenne L.) variedad Nui en macetas con sustrato inerte de arena-perlita y las enmiendas. Después de 45 días se cortó el follaje, parcializado cada 15 días, se determinó el rendimiento en base a materia seca producida. Los tratamientos utilizando bocashi con BC de poda de cerezos y vermicompost con BC de residuos de gallinaza aumentaron el rendimiento.
In agriculture, there are highly extractive practices affecting soil quality. The decrease in soil fertility and the increase in the use of fertilizers and agrochemicals impact the nutrient balance of the soil, environmental contamination, and the loss of biodiversity, with consequences for agricultural and livestock productivity. The incorporation of organic amendments into the soil increases organic matter and natural fertility, which allows for the recovery of degraded soils by reusing organic waste of animal and/or plant origin. This promotes sustainable practices and helps mitigate climate change. This research aimed to evaluate the agronomic effects of organic amendments such as vermicompost, Bocashi, and compost, alone and costabilized with biochar (BC), on yield. For this, ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Nui variety was planted in a growth chamber in pots with an inert sand-perlite substrate and amendments. After 45 days, the foliage was cut, divided every 15 days, and yield was determined based on dry matter produced. Treatments using Bocashi with cherry pruning BC and vermicompost with poultry litter BC increased yield.
In agriculture, there are highly extractive practices affecting soil quality. The decrease in soil fertility and the increase in the use of fertilizers and agrochemicals impact the nutrient balance of the soil, environmental contamination, and the loss of biodiversity, with consequences for agricultural and livestock productivity. The incorporation of organic amendments into the soil increases organic matter and natural fertility, which allows for the recovery of degraded soils by reusing organic waste of animal and/or plant origin. This promotes sustainable practices and helps mitigate climate change. This research aimed to evaluate the agronomic effects of organic amendments such as vermicompost, Bocashi, and compost, alone and costabilized with biochar (BC), on yield. For this, ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Nui variety was planted in a growth chamber in pots with an inert sand-perlite substrate and amendments. After 45 days, the foliage was cut, divided every 15 days, and yield was determined based on dry matter produced. Treatments using Bocashi with cherry pruning BC and vermicompost with poultry litter BC increased yield.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Agricultura sostenida por la comunidad, Fertilidad del suelo - Chile, Biodisponibilidad