Interacción del vernicomportaje y biocarbón en la degradación de organofosforados en suelos
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Date
2023
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Abstract
El uso de plaguicidas organofosforados (OP) en la agricultura ha sido una práctica común por décadas, pero su toxicidad para el ambiente y la salud humana ha sido cada vez más evidente y cuestionada, por lo que esta investigación se basa en una vía de desintoxicación de suelo, mediante la evaluación del uso combinado de vermicompost y biocarbón, y su capacidad de degradación de OP. Mediante un experimento bajo condiciones controladas se establecieron muestras de suelo mezcladas con distintas enmiendas orgánicas, las cuales recibieron una aplicación clorpirifós y se monitorearon durante de 45 días, donde se evaluó actividad de carboxilesterasa y degradación del plaguicida. Se determinó que el vermichar de cerdo muestra una notable estabilidad en la actividad enzimática a través del tiempo. Hay una disminución de la concentración de clorpirifós en todos los tratamientos siendo control + OP el que experimenta la mayor disminución, y el uso combinado de vermicompost con biocarbón parece jugar un papel en la degradación del clorpirifós en el suelo. Este estudio hace énfasis en el uso ambiental de las enmiendas orgánicas para la biorremediación de suelos contaminados con pesticidas. Aunque esta área aún está en progreso, nuestra investigación sugiere vías de acción para la desintoxicación de suelos afectados por OP.
The use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in agriculture has been a common practice for decades. However, their toxicity to the environment and human health has become increasingly evident and questioned. Therefore, this research focuses on a soil detoxification pathway by evaluating the combined use of vermicompost and biochar, and their capacity for OP degradation. An experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, where soil samples mixed with different organic amendments were treated with chlorpyrifos and monitored for 45 days. The activity of carboxylesterase and pesticide degradation were evaluated. It was found that pig vermicompost showed notable stability in enzymatic activity over time. There was a decrease in chlorpyrifos concentration in all treatments, with the control + OP treatment experiencing the greatest decrease. The combined use of vermicompost and biochar appears to play a role in chlorpyrifos degradation in the soil. This study emphasizes the environmental use of organic amendments for the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils. Although this area is still a work in progress, our research suggests pathways for the detoxification of OP-affected soils.
The use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in agriculture has been a common practice for decades. However, their toxicity to the environment and human health has become increasingly evident and questioned. Therefore, this research focuses on a soil detoxification pathway by evaluating the combined use of vermicompost and biochar, and their capacity for OP degradation. An experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, where soil samples mixed with different organic amendments were treated with chlorpyrifos and monitored for 45 days. The activity of carboxylesterase and pesticide degradation were evaluated. It was found that pig vermicompost showed notable stability in enzymatic activity over time. There was a decrease in chlorpyrifos concentration in all treatments, with the control + OP treatment experiencing the greatest decrease. The combined use of vermicompost and biochar appears to play a role in chlorpyrifos degradation in the soil. This study emphasizes the environmental use of organic amendments for the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils. Although this area is still a work in progress, our research suggests pathways for the detoxification of OP-affected soils.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Clorpirifos, Biorremediación, Compost, Plaguicidas