¿Pueden las periferias industriales innovar?: Redes y espacio geográfico en la industria acuícola global.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La salmonicultura chilena representa una paradoja económica: siendo parte de una economía periférica basada en exportación de materias primas, ha demostrado notable capacidad de adaptación tras la crisis del virus ISA en 2007. Esta investigación analiza la innovación en la salmonicultura chilena desde una perspectiva dual que integra su ubicación en el eje centro periferia global y la posición de sus actores en redes de colaboración. El objetivo es caracterizar la innovación salmonícola chilena en el contexto global, analizando dimensiones espaciales y de red para determinar si constituye una periferia innovadora. La metodología se basó en análisis textual y cuantitativo de 96 millones de registros de patentes de PASTAT (2024), identificando 137.249 patentes acuícolas mediante text mining con taxonomía de Oh y Kim (2014). Se aplicó geocodificación y estimación de densidad Kernel (KDE) para análisis espacial, y algoritmo de Borgatti y Everett (2000) para estructuras núcleo-periferia en redes de inventores. Los resultados confirman que Chile ocupa una posición periférica tanto espacial como de red, con solo 98 patentes (puesto 30 de 176 países), concentradas en Santiago y el sur en categorías de "Mejora genética y semillas" y "Patología y prevención". Mientras la innovación acuícola se concentra en Estados Unidos, China, Japón y Reino Unido, Chile mantiene conexiones limitadas únicamente con Noruega. El estudio revela una desconexión significativa entre centros productivos y desarrollo tecnológico: Chile, segundo productor mundial de salmón, depende fundamentalmente de innovaciones externas, configurando una dependencia tecnológica estructural que contrasta con su importancia productiva global y limita su capacidad para desarrollar soluciones adaptadas a contextos locales.
Chilean salmon farming represents an economic paradox: being part of a peripheral economy based on raw material exports, it has demonstrated remarkable adaptive capacity following the ISA virus crisis in 2007. This research analyzes innovation in Chilean salmon farming from a dual perspective that integrates its location in the global center-periphery axis and the position of its actors in collaboration networks. The objective is to characterize Chilean salmon farming innovation in the global context, analyzing spatial and network dimensions to determine if it constitutes an innovative periphery. The methodology was based on textual and quantitative analysis of 96 million patent records from PASTAT (2024), identifying 137,249 aquaculture patents through text mining using Oh and Kim's (2014) taxonomy. Geocoding and Kernel density estimation (KDE) were applied for spatial analysis, and Borgatti and Everett's (2000) algorithm for core-periphery structures in inventor networks. Results confirm that Chile occupies a peripheral position both spatially and in networks, with only 98 patents (30th position out of 176 countries), concentrated in Santiago and the south in "Genetic improvement and seed technology" and "Pathology and prevention" categories. While aquaculture innovation concentrates in the United States, China, Japan, and the United Kingdom, Chile maintains limited connections only with Norway. The study reveals a significant disconnection between productive centers and technological development: Chile, the world's second-largest salmon producer, fundamentally depends on external innovations, configuring a structural technological dependence that contrasts with its global productive importance and limits its capacity to develop solutions adapted to local contexts.
Chilean salmon farming represents an economic paradox: being part of a peripheral economy based on raw material exports, it has demonstrated remarkable adaptive capacity following the ISA virus crisis in 2007. This research analyzes innovation in Chilean salmon farming from a dual perspective that integrates its location in the global center-periphery axis and the position of its actors in collaboration networks. The objective is to characterize Chilean salmon farming innovation in the global context, analyzing spatial and network dimensions to determine if it constitutes an innovative periphery. The methodology was based on textual and quantitative analysis of 96 million patent records from PASTAT (2024), identifying 137,249 aquaculture patents through text mining using Oh and Kim's (2014) taxonomy. Geocoding and Kernel density estimation (KDE) were applied for spatial analysis, and Borgatti and Everett's (2000) algorithm for core-periphery structures in inventor networks. Results confirm that Chile occupies a peripheral position both spatially and in networks, with only 98 patents (30th position out of 176 countries), concentrated in Santiago and the south in "Genetic improvement and seed technology" and "Pathology and prevention" categories. While aquaculture innovation concentrates in the United States, China, Japan, and the United Kingdom, Chile maintains limited connections only with Norway. The study reveals a significant disconnection between productive centers and technological development: Chile, the world's second-largest salmon producer, fundamentally depends on external innovations, configuring a structural technological dependence that contrasts with its global productive importance and limits its capacity to develop solutions adapted to local contexts.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Análisis Geográfico.
Keywords
Salmonicultura, Innovación de proceso, Geografía económica