Diseño sismorresistente y modelación númerica mediante análisis CBFEM de conexiones de esquina de marcos arriostrados diseñados según NCH2369:25 y AISC 341-16.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En la práctica nacional, el diseño de conexiones en estructuras de acero se realiza mayoritariamente mediante planillas de cálculo basadas en métodos convencionales, los cuales, aunque aceptados, presentan limitaciones al abordar configuraciones complejas y altamente solicitadas. Tal es el caso de las uniones viga-columna con doble arriostramiento en marcos arriostrados concéntricamente cuyo comportamiento estructural resulta difícil de predecir bajo metodologías simplificadas. Frente a esta situación, surge la necesidad de explorar herramientas computacionales avanzadas, como IDEA StatiCa, que mediante el método de elementos finitos basados en componentes permiten una caracterización detallada de los esfuerzos, deformaciones y modos de pandeo, bajo criterios normativos internacionales.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar la consistencia entre los resultados obtenidos a través del diseño normativo conforme a la AISC 360-16 y AISC 341-16, y aquellos derivados del modelado en IDEA StatiCa. Para ello, se diseñaron y analizaron dos configuraciones: una conexión soldada y otra empernada, ambas modeladas en el software y comparadas con sus equivalentes calculadas manualmente. Posteriormente, se modificaron las placas gusset de ambas uniones con el fin de evaluar el efecto de la geometría en su comportamiento estructural.
Los resultados muestran que los enfoques normativos y computacionales entregan conclusiones coherentes respecto al desempeño global de las conexiones, aunque IDEA StatiCa ofrece un mayor nivel de detalle al identificar concentraciones locales de esfuerzos y deformaciones plásticas, lo que pone de manifiesto la capacidad del software para representar distribuciones de esfuerzos no idealizadas. Las modificaciones en la geometría de los gusset demostraron que su configuración influye de manera significativa y crucial en el comportamiento de las conexiones.
El estudio confirma que la normativa AISC constituye una base sólida para el diseño seguro de conexiones, pero que el uso complementario de IDEA StatiCa enriquece el análisis al entregar una visión más precisa del comportamiento estructural. Se plantea, por tanto, la conveniencia de una integración entre métodos tradicionales y herramientas computacionales avanzadas en la práctica profesional, con el fin de fortalecer la confiabilidad del diseño de conexiones de acero en contextos de alta demanda sísmica (diseño por capacidad) como el chileno.
In national practice, the design of steel structure connections is mostly carried out through calculation spreadsheets based on conventional methods, which, although accepted, present limitations when addressing complex and highly demanded configurations. Such is the case of beam-to-column double-bracing connections in concentrically braced frames, whose structural behavior is difficult to predict under simplified methodologies. Faced with this situation, the need arises to explore advanced computational tools, such as IDEA StatiCa, which, through the component-based finite element method, allow a detailed characterization of stresses, deformations, and buckling modes, under international normative criteria. The objective of this work was to verify the consistency between the results obtained through normative design according to AISC 360-16 and AISC 341-16, and those derived from modeling in IDEA StatiCa. For this purpose, two configurations were designed and analyzed: a welded connection and a bolted connection, both modeled in the software and compared with their manually calculated equivalents. Subsequently, the gusset plates of both connections were modified in order to evaluate the effect of geometry on their structural behavior. The results show that normative and computational approaches deliver consistent conclusions regarding the global performance of the connections, although IDEA StatiCa offers a higher level of detail by identifying local concentrations of stresses and plastic deformations, which highlights the software’s ability to represent non-idealized stress distributions. The modifications in the geometry of the gussets demonstrated that their configuration significantly and crucially influences the behavior of the connections. The study confirms that AISC standards constitute a solid basis for the safe design of connections, but that the complementary use of IDEA StatiCa enriches the analysis by providing a more accurate view of structural behavior. Therefore, the integration between traditional methods and advanced computational tools in professional practice is proposed, in order to strengthen the reliability of the design of steel connections in contexts of high seismic demand such as Chile.
In national practice, the design of steel structure connections is mostly carried out through calculation spreadsheets based on conventional methods, which, although accepted, present limitations when addressing complex and highly demanded configurations. Such is the case of beam-to-column double-bracing connections in concentrically braced frames, whose structural behavior is difficult to predict under simplified methodologies. Faced with this situation, the need arises to explore advanced computational tools, such as IDEA StatiCa, which, through the component-based finite element method, allow a detailed characterization of stresses, deformations, and buckling modes, under international normative criteria. The objective of this work was to verify the consistency between the results obtained through normative design according to AISC 360-16 and AISC 341-16, and those derived from modeling in IDEA StatiCa. For this purpose, two configurations were designed and analyzed: a welded connection and a bolted connection, both modeled in the software and compared with their manually calculated equivalents. Subsequently, the gusset plates of both connections were modified in order to evaluate the effect of geometry on their structural behavior. The results show that normative and computational approaches deliver consistent conclusions regarding the global performance of the connections, although IDEA StatiCa offers a higher level of detail by identifying local concentrations of stresses and plastic deformations, which highlights the software’s ability to represent non-idealized stress distributions. The modifications in the geometry of the gussets demonstrated that their configuration significantly and crucially influences the behavior of the connections. The study confirms that AISC standards constitute a solid basis for the safe design of connections, but that the complementary use of IDEA StatiCa enriches the analysis by providing a more accurate view of structural behavior. Therefore, the integration between traditional methods and advanced computational tools in professional practice is proposed, in order to strengthen the reliability of the design of steel connections in contexts of high seismic demand such as Chile.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil.
Keywords
Diseño antisísmico, Estructuras de acero, Columnas de hormigón