Cianamida hidrogenada y polen para reducir dicogamia en nogal (Juglans regia L.) cultivar Chandler en la zona centro sur de Chile
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Date
2019
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El nogal (Juglans regia L.) produce inflorescencias masculinas y flores femeninas dentro del mismo árbol, sin embargo, la aparición de las flores no ocurre de forma sincronizada, fenómeno que se conoce como dicogamia, esto genera la caída de flores debido a la falta de polinización, situación común en ‘Chandler’. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones y fechas de aplicación de cianamida hidrogenada, además de polen, en el grado de dicogamia. Se evaluó parámetros vegetativos como fenología y porcentaje de aborto floral; parámetros de producción tales como rendimiento (kg árbol-1) y número de frutos por árbol; parámetro de calidad como peso de frutos (g). Se determinó que el uso de cianamida hidrogenada al 2 % aplicada 47 días antes de brotación redujo el grado de dicogamia, logrando sincronizar la floración masculina y femenina en 12 días. Sin embargo, la misma concentración, pero aplicada 54 días antes de brotación, favoreció la sincronización de los ―peak‖ de floración, disminuyendo considerablemente el porcentaje de aborto floral. La aplicación manual de polen, fue similar a los tratamientos con aplicación de cianamida hidrogenada en concentraciones de 1,5 % y 2 % aplicados 54 y 47 días antes de brotación respecto a rendimiento (kg árbol-1) y número de frutos por árbol, demostrando ser un factor importante para aumentar parámetros de producción.
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) produces male inflorescences and female flowers within the same tree, however, the appearance of flowers does not occur synchronously, a phenomenon known as dichogamy, this causes the fall of flowers due to the lack pollination, a frequent situation in 'Chandler'. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of different concentrations and dates of application of hydrogen cyanamide, in addition to pollen, on the degree of dichogamy. Vegetative parameters such as phenology and percentage of floral abortion were evaluated; production parameters such as yield (kg tree-1) and number of fruits per tree; Quality parameter as fruit weight (g). It was determined that the use of 2 % hydrogen cyanamide applied 47 days before budding reduced the degree of dicogamy, managing to synchronize the male and female flowering in 12 days. However, the same concentration, but applied 54 days before budding, favored the synchronization of the ―peak‖ of flowering, considerably reducing the abortion rate. The manual application of pollen was similar to the treatments with hydrogen cyanamide application in concentrations of 1.5 % and 2 % applied 54 and 47 days before sprouting with respect to yield (kg tree-1) and number of fruits per tree, proving to be an important factor to increase production parameters.
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) produces male inflorescences and female flowers within the same tree, however, the appearance of flowers does not occur synchronously, a phenomenon known as dichogamy, this causes the fall of flowers due to the lack pollination, a frequent situation in 'Chandler'. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of different concentrations and dates of application of hydrogen cyanamide, in addition to pollen, on the degree of dichogamy. Vegetative parameters such as phenology and percentage of floral abortion were evaluated; production parameters such as yield (kg tree-1) and number of fruits per tree; Quality parameter as fruit weight (g). It was determined that the use of 2 % hydrogen cyanamide applied 47 days before budding reduced the degree of dicogamy, managing to synchronize the male and female flowering in 12 days. However, the same concentration, but applied 54 days before budding, favored the synchronization of the ―peak‖ of flowering, considerably reducing the abortion rate. The manual application of pollen was similar to the treatments with hydrogen cyanamide application in concentrations of 1.5 % and 2 % applied 54 and 47 days before sprouting with respect to yield (kg tree-1) and number of fruits per tree, proving to be an important factor to increase production parameters.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Floración, Fenología, Polinización