Diseño para la manufactura y el montaje: desafíos en el proceso de manufactura de paneles de entramado liviano en madera fabricados en planta de bajo nivel tecnológico. Caso vivienda prototipo.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La vivienda panelizada de entramado liviano en madera se perfila como una iniciativa clave en el contexto nacional de déficit habitacional. La panelización, como estrategia de la industrialización, puede ser particularmente útil para integrar a pymes en los procesos de manufactura de paneles en entramado liviano, por la mayor flexibilidad que otorgan los componentes bidimensionales. Sin embargo, el diseño para la manufactura enfrenta diversos desafíos, en términos de dificultades o falencias, ligados a cómo dicho diseño es fabricado en planta de baja tecnología, dificultades que limitan su adopción en el contexto nacional.
Esta investigación analiza el proceso de diseño para la manufactura de los paneles de entramado liviano en madera del caso ‘‘La vivienda prototipo’’, y los desafíos que enfrentó dicho diseño durante la fabricación en planta de baja tecnología, para identificar posibles áreas de mejora en la presentación de la información. Para ello, se revisaron informes del proyecto, planimetría y se aplicaron cuestionarios a los encargados del diseño y fabricación. Ya identificados, se categorizaron los desafíos según su impacto en la fluidez de la producción. Como premisa, se estableció que los desafíos enfrentados se centran en dificultades ligadas a los criterios de diseño considerados, desafíos técnicos de la capacidad de producción de la planta y del capital humano, relacionados al conocimiento técnico y especialización de la mano de obra.
Los resultados demuestran que el diseño para la manufactura de paneles de entramado liviano en planta de baja tecnología enfrenta dificultades tanto en una etapa inicial de concepción como en el nivel de capacitación de los operarios en planta, confirmando dos supuestos preestablecidos. No obstante, se identificaron desafíos no previstos, como problemas en el formato y lenguaje de la información entregada en planta, y la falta de consideración de las dinámicas y métodos reales de trabajo durante la fabricación. Dichos hallazgos amplían la comprensión de los factores que afectan la fluidez de producción y enfatizan la necesidad de un enfoque más integrado en el diseño desde su etapa más temprana.
Light wood-framed panelized housing is emerging as a key initiative in the national context of housing shortage. Panelization, as an industrialization strategy, can be particularly useful for integrating SMEs in the manufacturing processes of light-frame panels, due to the greater flexibility provided by two-dimensional components. However, design for manufacturing faces several challenges, in terms of difficulties or shortcomings, linked to how such design is manufactured in a low-tech plant, difficulties that limit its adoption in the national context. This research analyzes the design process for the manufacture of the light wood framing panels of the case ''The prototype house'', and the challenges faced by such design during the low-tech plant manufacturing, in order to identify possible areas of improvement in the presentation of the information. To this end, project reports and planimetry were reviewed and questionnaires were applied to those in charge of design and fabrication. Once identified, the challenges were categorized according to their impact on production flow. As a premise, it was established that the challenges faced are centered on difficulties linked to the design criteria considered, technical challenges of the plant's production capacity and human capital, related to technical knowledge and specialization of the workforce. The results show that the design for the manufacture of light-weight framing panels in a low tech plant faces difficulties both in the initial conception stage and in the level of training of plant operators, confirming two pre-established assumptions. However, unforeseen challenges were identified, such as problems in the format and language of the information delivered to the plant, and the lack of consideration of the actual dynamics and methods of work during manufacturing. Such findings broaden the understanding of the factors affecting production flow and emphasize the need for a more integrated approach to design from its earliest stage.
Light wood-framed panelized housing is emerging as a key initiative in the national context of housing shortage. Panelization, as an industrialization strategy, can be particularly useful for integrating SMEs in the manufacturing processes of light-frame panels, due to the greater flexibility provided by two-dimensional components. However, design for manufacturing faces several challenges, in terms of difficulties or shortcomings, linked to how such design is manufactured in a low-tech plant, difficulties that limit its adoption in the national context. This research analyzes the design process for the manufacture of the light wood framing panels of the case ''The prototype house'', and the challenges faced by such design during the low-tech plant manufacturing, in order to identify possible areas of improvement in the presentation of the information. To this end, project reports and planimetry were reviewed and questionnaires were applied to those in charge of design and fabrication. Once identified, the challenges were categorized according to their impact on production flow. As a premise, it was established that the challenges faced are centered on difficulties linked to the design criteria considered, technical challenges of the plant's production capacity and human capital, related to technical knowledge and specialization of the workforce. The results show that the design for the manufacture of light-weight framing panels in a low tech plant faces difficulties both in the initial conception stage and in the level of training of plant operators, confirming two pre-established assumptions. However, unforeseen challenges were identified, such as problems in the format and language of the information delivered to the plant, and the lack of consideration of the actual dynamics and methods of work during manufacturing. Such findings broaden the understanding of the factors affecting production flow and emphasize the need for a more integrated approach to design from its earliest stage.
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Keywords
Construcción industrializada, Materiales de construcción, Madera