Factores que inciden en la malnutrición en niños, niñas y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Introducción: La incidencia de personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) está en aumento y la malnutrición es un tema de preocupación creciente en este contexto. Por consiguiente, resulta crucial identificar las características asociadas de manera temprana y comprender los elementos de riesgo vinculados a la nutrición, dado que se trata de una población propensa desde el punto de vista nutricional. Materiales y métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de artículos en inglés y español publicados desde el 01 de febrero de 2018 hasta el 06 de noviembre de 2023 en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed y Web of Science, donde se utilizó filtro por edad, año de publicación y se consideraron artículos en humanos, se examinaron estudios que exploran la conexión entre el TEA, estado nutricional y la alimentación con el fin de obtener una comprensión más profunda. Resultados: Los niños, niñas y adolescentes con TEA presentan preferencias alimentarias específicas y sensibilidad sensorial que pueden obstaculizar la diversificación de la dieta. En cuanto a su estado nutricional, la hiperselectividad podría conducirlos a desnutrición; no obstante, suelen observarse con desarrollo eutrófico y tendencia al sobrepeso y la obesidad. La selectividad alimentaria conduce a patrones dietéticos restrictivos limitados en variedad que generan irregularidad. Conclusión: Es fundamental diseñar enfoques terapéuticos que consideren tanto los aspectos nutricionales como las necesidades individuales de cada persona.
Introduction: The incident of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is increasing and malnutrition is a growing matter in this context. Therefore, it is essential to identify the associated characteristics at an early stage, and understand the risk factors linked to nutrition since it is a population particularly vulnerable from a nutritional point of view. Materials and methods: Literature review of articles in English and Spanish published from February 1th, 2018 to November 6th, 2023 in the databases of SciELO, PubMed and Web of Science in which filters were used based on age, year of publication and it was also considered articles in human beings which examined studies on exploring the link between ASD, nutritional status and diet in order to gain a deeper understanding on the topic. Results: Children and adolescents with ADS exhibit specific food preferences and sensory sensitivities which can obstruct diet diversification. Regarding their nutritional status, hyper-selectivity may lead to malnutrition, however, they are often observed with eutrophic development, a tendency to be overweight and obese. Food selectivity leads to limited restrictive diet patterns that cause inconsistency. Conclusion: It is essential to design therapeutic approaches that consider both nutritional aspects and the individual needs of each person.
Introduction: The incident of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is increasing and malnutrition is a growing matter in this context. Therefore, it is essential to identify the associated characteristics at an early stage, and understand the risk factors linked to nutrition since it is a population particularly vulnerable from a nutritional point of view. Materials and methods: Literature review of articles in English and Spanish published from February 1th, 2018 to November 6th, 2023 in the databases of SciELO, PubMed and Web of Science in which filters were used based on age, year of publication and it was also considered articles in human beings which examined studies on exploring the link between ASD, nutritional status and diet in order to gain a deeper understanding on the topic. Results: Children and adolescents with ADS exhibit specific food preferences and sensory sensitivities which can obstruct diet diversification. Regarding their nutritional status, hyper-selectivity may lead to malnutrition, however, they are often observed with eutrophic development, a tendency to be overweight and obese. Food selectivity leads to limited restrictive diet patterns that cause inconsistency. Conclusion: It is essential to design therapeutic approaches that consider both nutritional aspects and the individual needs of each person.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Nutricionista.
Keywords
Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Ciencias de la Nutrición, Desnutrición, Enfermedades Carenciales, Pacientes