Evaluación de la fitotoxicidad de sustratos en base a mezclas de turba y borra de café fresca en rábano (raphanus sativus) y estátice (limonium sinuatum).
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La reutilización de residuos orgánicos es una práctica que va en alza y pretende dar solución a la problemática asociada a la alta producción de desechos a nivel mundial. La borra de café, corresponde al 95 % del grano que queda de residuos en cafetería y está compuesto, entre otras cosas, por compuestos fenólicos y antioxidantes que se pueden aprovechar en la industria agrícola. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar parámetros tales como porcentaje de germinación, longitud radicular e índice de germinación, con la finalidad de determinar la fitotoxicidad en sustratos compuestos por mezclas de distintas proporciones de turba y borra de café fresca. Se utilizaron semillas de rábano (Raphanus sativus) y estátice (Limonium sinuatum) las cuales se incubaron en extractos de sustrato en base de 100 % turba (T1), 80 % turba + 20 % borra de café (T2), 60 % turba + 40 % borra de café (T3), 50 % turba + 50 % borra de café (T4), 40 % turba + 60 % borra de café (T5), 20 % turba + 80 % borra de café (T6) y 100 % borra de café (T7). Después de cinco días de incubación, se evaluaron los aspectos en el desarrollo vegetativo ya indicados, los resultados indicaron que, en porcentaje de germinación, fue estátice la especie que sufrió un mayor efecto fitotóxico a medida que se incrementó la borra de café fresca en el sustrato, mientras que, tanto en longitud radicular como en índice de germinación, ambas especies fueron afectadas por la fitotoxicidad de la borra de café fresca.
The reuse of organic waste is a growing practice that aims to provide a solution to the problems associated with the high production of waste worldwide. Used coffee grounds correspond to 95% of the bean that remains as coffee waste and is made off, among other things, of phenolic compounds and antioxidants that can be used in the agricultural industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate parameters such as germination percentage, root length and germination index, in order to determine the phytotoxicity in substrates composed of mixtures of different proportions of peat and fresh coffee grounds. Seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus) and statice (Limonium sinuatum) were incubated in substrate extracts based on 100 % peat (T1), 80 % peat + 20 % used coffee grounds (T2), 60 % peat + 40 % used coffee grounds (T3), 80 % peat + 20 % used coffee grounds (T3), 60 % peat + 40 % used coffee grounds (T3) and 40 % used coffee grounds (T4), 60 % peat + 40 % used coffee grounds (T3), 50 % peat + 50 % used coffee grounds (T4), 40 % peat + 60 % used coffee grounds (T5), 20 % peat + 80 % used coffee grounds (T6) and 100 % used coffee grounds (T7). After five days of incubation, the aspects of vegetative development already indicated were evaluated, the results indicated that, in germination percentage, statice was the species that suffered a greater phytotoxic effect as the fresh coffee grounds increased in the substrate, while, both in root length and germination index, both species were affected by the phytotoxicity of fresh coffee grounds.
The reuse of organic waste is a growing practice that aims to provide a solution to the problems associated with the high production of waste worldwide. Used coffee grounds correspond to 95% of the bean that remains as coffee waste and is made off, among other things, of phenolic compounds and antioxidants that can be used in the agricultural industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate parameters such as germination percentage, root length and germination index, in order to determine the phytotoxicity in substrates composed of mixtures of different proportions of peat and fresh coffee grounds. Seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus) and statice (Limonium sinuatum) were incubated in substrate extracts based on 100 % peat (T1), 80 % peat + 20 % used coffee grounds (T2), 60 % peat + 40 % used coffee grounds (T3), 80 % peat + 20 % used coffee grounds (T3), 60 % peat + 40 % used coffee grounds (T3) and 40 % used coffee grounds (T4), 60 % peat + 40 % used coffee grounds (T3), 50 % peat + 50 % used coffee grounds (T4), 40 % peat + 60 % used coffee grounds (T5), 20 % peat + 80 % used coffee grounds (T6) and 100 % used coffee grounds (T7). After five days of incubation, the aspects of vegetative development already indicated were evaluated, the results indicated that, in germination percentage, statice was the species that suffered a greater phytotoxic effect as the fresh coffee grounds increased in the substrate, while, both in root length and germination index, both species were affected by the phytotoxicity of fresh coffee grounds.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo.
Keywords
Germinación, Rábanos, Turba vegetal, Café, Desechos orgánicos