Análisis comparativo entre dos modalidades de encuestas sobre el uso del tiempo.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Cada persona distribuye su tiempo de manera única, reflejando diversas responsabilidades y roles dentro de la sociedad. Las encuestas de uso del tiempo permiten identificar patrones y tendencias que son fundamentales para informar políticas y programas destinados a mejorar la calidad de vida y promover la equidad de género y social. En Chile, el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE) aplica la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo (ENUT), cuya primera edición fue en 2015.
El objetivo de esta memoria de título es establecer las ventajas potenciales del uso de una solución digital en análisis contemporáneo de uso del tiempo, a través de un preexperimento que compara dos modalidades de aplicar una encuesta. La primera es la modalidad tradicional en papel, utilizada actualmente por la ENUT. La segunda es una modalidad digital desarrollada como parte del proyecto FONDECYT N° 1221724 en la Universidad de Concepción, que utiliza la plataforma web mo2. Esta plataforma permite a los usuarios ingresar su información mediante un buscador de actividades, asignar ubicaciones mediante GPS y recibir una respuesta inmediata con una clasificación y el valor de su tiempo de trabajo y ocio.
Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizó un preexperimento controlado en el que se aplicaron las dos modalidades de encuesta a grupos de estudio seleccionados mediante un muestreo por conveniencia, basado en la proximidad. Se evaluaron factores como el tiempo de respuesta, la variabilidad de las actividades registradas, los aspectos económicos, el manejo de datos y la percepción del usuario para identificar las ventajas de una modalidad sobre la otra en la muestra analizada.
El análisis de estos factores revela que la modalidad digital reduce a la mitad los tiempos de respuesta, facilita la manipulación y el acceso a la información, tiene una mejor recepción por parte de los participantes, reduce la necesidad de personal y optimiza el proceso de recolección, lo que a su vez disminuye los costos. Estos resultados validan la plataforma mo2 como una herramienta eficiente para la recolección de información sobre el uso del tiempo en un entorno controlado, otorgando una base para futuras investigaciones que apliquen esta comparación con tamaños muestrales representativos.
Each person allocates their time in a unique way, reflecting various responsibilities and roles within society. Time use surveys allow for the identification of patterns and trends that are essential for informing policies and programs aimed at improving quality of life and promoting gender and social equity. In Chile, the National Institute of Statistics (INE) conducts the National Time Use Survey (ENUT), which was first implemented in 2015. The objective of this thesis is to establish the potential advantages of using a digital solution in contemporary time use analysis through a pre-experiment comparing two survey modalities. The first is the traditional paper-based modality, currently used by the ENUT. The second is a digital modality developed as part of the FONDECYT Project No. 1221724 at the University of Concepción, which utilizes the web platform mo2. This platform allows users to enter their information through an activity search engine, assign locations using GPS, and receive an immediate response with a classification and the value of their work and leisure time. To conduct this research, a controlled pre-experiment was carried out in which the two survey modalities were applied to study groups selected through convenience sampling based on proximity. Factors such as response time, variability of recorded activities, economic aspects, data management, and user perception were evaluated to identify the advantages of one modality over the other in the analyzed sample. The analysis of these factors reveals that the digital modality halves response times, facilitates the manipulation and access to information, is better received by participants, reduces the need for personnel, and optimizes the data collection process, which in turn lowers costs. These results validate the mo2 platform as an efficient tool for collecting time use information in a controlled environment, providing a foundation for future research that applies this comparison with representative sample sizes.
Each person allocates their time in a unique way, reflecting various responsibilities and roles within society. Time use surveys allow for the identification of patterns and trends that are essential for informing policies and programs aimed at improving quality of life and promoting gender and social equity. In Chile, the National Institute of Statistics (INE) conducts the National Time Use Survey (ENUT), which was first implemented in 2015. The objective of this thesis is to establish the potential advantages of using a digital solution in contemporary time use analysis through a pre-experiment comparing two survey modalities. The first is the traditional paper-based modality, currently used by the ENUT. The second is a digital modality developed as part of the FONDECYT Project No. 1221724 at the University of Concepción, which utilizes the web platform mo2. This platform allows users to enter their information through an activity search engine, assign locations using GPS, and receive an immediate response with a classification and the value of their work and leisure time. To conduct this research, a controlled pre-experiment was carried out in which the two survey modalities were applied to study groups selected through convenience sampling based on proximity. Factors such as response time, variability of recorded activities, economic aspects, data management, and user perception were evaluated to identify the advantages of one modality over the other in the analyzed sample. The analysis of these factors reveals that the digital modality halves response times, facilitates the manipulation and access to information, is better received by participants, reduces the need for personnel, and optimizes the data collection process, which in turn lowers costs. These results validate the mo2 platform as an efficient tool for collecting time use information in a controlled environment, providing a foundation for future research that applies this comparison with representative sample sizes.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Industrial
Keywords
Análisis comparativo, Encuestas de uso de tiempo, Análisis estadístico de datos